Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D predicts early recurrent stroke in ischemic stroke patients

Background and aim: This study was conducted to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels in serum, and to investigate their associations with stroke recurrence events in a 3-month follow-up study in Chinese patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods and results: From February 2014 to September 2015, consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Department of Emergency of our hospital were identified. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at admission. We followed the participants for a median of 3 months (range, 2.5-3.5 months) using a standard questionnaire. We used logistic regression models to assess the relationship between 25(OH) levels and risk of recurrent stroke. In this study, 349 ischemic stroke patients were included and completed follow-up. Thirty-seven patients (10.6%) had a stroke recurrence. Serum 25(OH) D levels in patients with recurrent stroke were significantly lower as compared with those in patients without recurrent stroke [9.9 (IQR, 7.9-14.8) ng/mL vs. 17.9 (IQR, 13.4-23.4) ng/mL; P < 0.001). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, serum 25(OH) D levels were negatively associated with the stroke recurrence (OR, 0.897; 95% CI, 0.848-0.950; P < 0.001). Compared with the first quartile of serum 25(OH) D levels, the second quartile OR for recurrent stroke was 0.466 (95% CI, 0.308-707; P = 0.006). For the third and fourth quartiles, it was 0.248 (95% CI, 0.100-0.618; P = 0.001) and 0.173 (95% CI, 0.062-0.482; P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reduced serum levels of 25(OH) D can predict the risk of early stroke recurrence in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. (C) 2016 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.