Journal
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0069-y
Keywords
Ketogenic diet; Ketone ester; Ketone supplement; Appetite; beta-hydroxybutyrate; Hyperketonemia; Triglycerides
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000140610105]
- Morsani College of Medicine Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology departmental grant
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Background: Nutritional ketosis induced by the ketogenic diet (KD) has therapeutic applications for many disease states. We hypothesized that oral administration of exogenous ketone supplements could produce sustained nutritional ketosis (>0.5 mM) without carbohydrate restriction. Methods: We tested the effects of 28-day administration of five ketone supplements on blood glucose, ketones, and lipids in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The supplements included: 1,3-butanediol (BD), a sodium/potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta HB) mineral salt (BMS), medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT), BMS + MCT 1: 1 mixture, and 1,3 butanediol acetoacetate diester (KE). Rats received a daily 5-10 g/kg dose of their respective ketone supplement via intragastric gavage during treatment. Weekly whole blood samples were taken for analysis of glucose and beta HB at baseline and, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 12 h post-gavage, or until beta HB returned to baseline. At 28 days, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. Results: Exogenous ketone supplementation caused a rapid and sustained elevation of beta HB, reduction of glucose, and little change to lipid biomarkers compared to control animals. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of oral exogenous ketone supplementation in inducing nutritional ketosis independent of dietary restriction.
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