A proposed model of person-, family-, and culture-centered nursing care

Background: For decades person-, patient-, family-centered, and culturally competent care models have been evolving and conceptualized in the literature as separate. To our knowledge, there has not been a systematic approach to comparing all four of these conceptual models of care. Purpose: To explicate and compare four conceptual care models: person-, patient-, family-centered, and culturally competent care. Methods: A comparative concept analysis informed by Rogers' evolutionary concept analysis was used to compare 32 nursing research on person-, patient-, family-centered care, and culturally-competent care published between 2009 and 2013. Results: Collective results of analyses of 32 nursing research articles found 12 attributes: collaborative relationship, effective communication, respectful care, holistic perspective, individualized care, inter-professional coordination, self-awareness, empowerment, family as unit of care, interpersonal relationships, cultural knowledge, and cultural skills. Antecedents included: lack of empirical evidence, poor patient outcomes, implementation problems, knowledge deficits, patient/parent emotional distress, poor patient-provider relationships, and health disparities. Consequences included: improved health-related outcomes, increased satisfaction, enhanced patient/family-provider relationships, reduced hospitalization, improved quality of life, improved quality of parent-child relationships, increased trust, enrollment in research, insights about biases, and appreciation for cultural differences. Social justice, advocated by scholars and national organizations, was absent from all studies. Conclusions: Findings informed the proposed blended conceptual care framework that embraces the attributes of each care model and includes social justice.