Analysis of a hybrid nanofluid exposed to radiation

Researchers are looking to utilize nanofluids as a way to increase the efficiency in solar energy applications. Metallic particles are becoming popular because of the plasmonic characteristics allowing for more absorption. Only homogenous nanofluids for solar applications have been considered. This article proposes the use of a hybrid nanofluid containing multiple types of nanoparticles with water as the base fluid exposed to radiation. This hybrid mixture can utilize a broader wavelength spectrum and absorb more heat. Recipes for combining gold, copper, aluminum, graphite, and silicon dioxide gold nanoparticles into water are given graphically and numerically for different concentrations, diameters, and container heights.