Structured catalysts for dry reforming of methane

A major scientific challenge in the recent epoch has been to develop practical processes that can convert greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4) into value added commodity chemicals or fuels. Dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM) can be considered as an excellent option in this regard. DRM often requires heterogeneous catalysts such as supported noble metals to efficiently convert CH4 and CO2 into synthesis gas (CO + H-2) which is extensively used in numerous industrial processes. Nickel based catalysts are considered as excellent low cost alternatives. However, these catalysts undergo severe deactivation due to sintering of the active phase and/or coke (carbon) deposition on the surface. Significant control over the catalyst sintering along with enhanced coke resistance can be achieved if well defined structures (perovskites, spinels, etc.) are used as catalyst precursors or catalysts. Also, well controlled structured catalysts can be obtained by embedding the active phase into the pore channels of mesostructured materials (typically silica). This review is an attempt to summarize the recent progress in designing structured catalysts for the dry reforming of methane. Merits and demerits of these materials as provided by various authors will be discussed. It is believed that such a single platform will aid the scientific community to understand what is lacking for the fruitful development of sintering free, coke resistant catalysts to convert hydrocarbons into chemical feedstock by consuming these two hazardous greenhouse gases.