Journal
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101579
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This paper presents a non-invasive subsurface ultrasonic array imaging method for the detection and characterization of gases generated inside commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The feasibility of the proposed method is validated through experiments, and the evolution and accumulation of gases are visualized and characterized through a long-term cycling experiment.
Non-invasive characterization and monitoring of gas evolution during the operation of commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been a long-term challenge. This paper presents an in situ subsurface ultrasonic array imaging method to detect, locate, and characterize gases generated inside a LIB. Ultrasonic signals scattered from internal gases are collected by a full matrix capture method. A cross-section image showing gases is produced using the velocity-modified total focusing method. The locations and distribution of the gases in both the lateral and thickness directions can be clearly revealed. The finite element simulations and a controlled experiment are performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed array imaging method. Finally, a realistic long-term cycling experiment is performed on a commercial pouch cell. The appearance, evolution, and accumulation of gases are visualized and characterized by analyzing the images produced at different cycles. The experiment findings are validated against the X-ray CT results.
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