4.4 Article

Fine-Grained Online Energy Management of Edge Data Centers Using Per-Core Power Gating and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 522-536

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSUSC.2023.3250487

Keywords

Edge data center (EDC); three-timescale optimization; dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS); per-core power gating (PCPG)

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This article presents a decentralized, three-timescale, online optimization approach that can significantly improve the energy efficiency of multicore micro data centers.
It is important to minimize the energy consumption of large-scale, geographically distributed edge data centers (EDCs). While modern processing units (PUs) have energy-saving features like Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Per-Core Power Gating (PCPG), optimization is still complex and requires a holistic approach. This article presents a new decentralized, three-timescale, online optimization approach that enables multicore micro data centers (MDCs) to optimize their per-PU power states, per-enabled-PU voltage-frequency levels and offloading schedules at three different timescales. The key idea is that we employ multi-timescale Lyapunov optimization to decouple the energy minimization between workload scheduling and result delivery at a small timescale and PU configuration at large timescales. Another important aspect is that we apply the primal decomposition to decouple the PU configuration between a per-enabled-PU voltage-frequency level at an intermediate timescale and a per-PU power state at a large timescale. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach improves energy efficiency significantly by up to 4.5 times in our considered lightly loaded situations where DVFS alone does not work effectively, compared to existing benchmarks.

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