Journal
SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN
Volume 21, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01871
Keywords
Spathodea campanulata; Phytochemical analysis; Antiplasmodial activity; Antiproliferative activity; Acute toxicity
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This study investigated the antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities of Spathodea campanulata flowers and assessed the acute toxicity of its aqueous fraction. The results showed that the extract and fractions of the flower have potential antimalarial and anticancer effects. The aqueous fraction was found to be non-toxic at tested doses. These findings support the traditional use of Spathodea campanulata in herbal medicine.
Spathodea campanulata is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cancer, fever and urethral inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiplasmodial, and antiproliferative activities of the extract and resulted fractions from S. campanulata flowers, as well as assessing the acute toxicity of its aqueous fraction. The in vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 for antimalarial activity and three cancer cell lines: Hs683 (human oligodendroglioma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma), and murine B16F10 (mouse melanoma) for antiproliferative activity while the in vivo acute oral toxicity was determined according to the modified organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423 at a fixed dose on Female Wistar strain laboratory rats. The dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions at a concentration of 25 mu g/mL each significantly reduced the viability of 3D7 Plasmodium cells with viability percentages of 19.0%, 14.1% and 31.9%, respectively, and IC50 of 28.1, 30.2 and 29.7 mu g/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a moderate anti proliferative activity on mouse melanoma with an I50 value of 54.6 mu g/mL. Only the dichloromethane fraction was able to inhibit the 3 cell lines tested with IC50 values less than 15 mu g/mL. An oral administration of the aqueous fraction did not induce an abnormal variation of the physiological parameters in female Wistar laboratory rats, at non-toxic doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. These results confirm the use of this plant in traditional medicine for its antimalarial and anticancer potential.
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