Journal
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
Volume 44, Issue 13, Pages 4337-4366Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00285g
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Funding
- NSF of China [21136002, 21422601, 21421005]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB733702]
- Ministry of Education [NCET-12-0080]
- Liaoning NSF [2013020115]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University [DUT14ZD214]
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Transition metals (d-blocks) are recognized as playing critical roles in biology, and they most often act as cofactors in diverse enzymes; however, improper regulation of transition metal stores is also connected to serious disorders. Therefore, the monitoring and imaging of transition metals are significant for biological research as well as clinical diagnosis. In this article, efforts have been made to review the chemical sensors that have been developed for the detection of the first-row d-block metals (except Cu and Zn): Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. We focus on the development of fluorescent sensors (fall into three classes: turn-off'', turn-on'', and ratiometric), colorimetric sensors, and responsive MRI contrast agents for these transition metals (242 references). Future work will be likely to fill in the blanks: (1) sensors for Sc, Ti, and V; (2) MRI sensors for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni; (3) ratiometric fluorescent sensors for Cr6+, Mn2+, and Ni2+, explore new ways of sensing Fe3+ or Cr3+ without the proton interference, as well as extend applications of MRI sensors to living systems.
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