Journal
NEURON
Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 27-34Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.023
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Funding
- NIH [EY017353, EY026065]
- Research to Prevent Blindness Inc.
- China Scholarship Council [201406240139]
- Marvin L. Sears Endowed Professorship
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Since the introduction of Dale's principle of one neuron releases one transmitter at all its synapses,'' a growing number of exceptions to this principle have been identified. While the concept of neurotransmitter co-release by a single neuron is now well accepted, the specific synaptic circuitry and functional advantage of co-neurotransmission remain poorly understood in general. Here we report Ca2+-dependent co-release of a new combination of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, namely, glycine and glutamate, by the vGluT3-expressing amacrine cell (GAC) in the mouse retina. GACs selectively make glycinergic synapses with uniformity detectors (UDs) and provide a major inhibitory drive that underlies the suppressed-by-contrast trigger feature of UDs. Meanwhile, GACs release glutamate to excite OFF alpha ganglion cells and a few other nonlinear, contrast-sensitive ganglion cells. This coordinated inhibition and excitation of two separate neuronal circuits by a single interneuron suggests a unique advantage in differential detection of visual field uniformity and contrast.
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