Journal
CHEMICAL SENSES
Volume 40, Issue 6, Pages 381-390Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv018
Keywords
astringency; bitterness; flavanols; IB7; molecular dynamic simulations; STD NMR
Funding
- Spanish MICINN [AGL2011-30254-C02-01, AGL2014-58486-C2-1-R]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [IF/01355/2014, NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000048]
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In this work, sensations elicited by catechin and procyanidins in comparison with those elicited by gallocatechin and prodelphinidins were evaluated by means of a sensory panel. To obtain further insights into the mechanisms of action, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) experiments have been performed. Results showed clear differences between the 2 types of flavanols. Dihydroxylated B-ring flavanols were more astringent, bitter, dry, rough, unripe, and persistent than trihydroxylated B-ring ones. Besides, these last compounds were smoother, more velvety, and viscous. MD simulations and STD NMR experiments support results obtained from tasting panel. MD results suggested that catechin binds to a human salivary proline-rich peptide IB7(14) faster than gallocatechin and this interaction is maintained longer. IB7(14) can interact with 2 catechin molecules concurrently while only interacts with 1 gallocatechin molecule. Accordingly, STD NMR experiments showed a greater affinity of catechin than gallocatechin for the peptide (K (D) = 2.7 and 25.7, respectively). Results indicate that the number of hydroxyl substituents present in B-ring of the flavanic nucleus is decisive for the interaction with salivary proteins and the development of astringency perception.
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