4.0 Article

A BROADER PERSPECTIVE ON HUMANS: ANALYSIS OF INSĀN IN TWELVER SHĪĪ PHILOSOPHY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROTHEOLOGY

Journal

ZYGON
Volume 58, Issue 4, Pages 838-859

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/zygo.12926

Keywords

al-Insan al-Kamil; astrotheology; extraterrestrial intelligent life; human-extraterrestrial interaction (HEI); noncarbon-based lifeforms; Perfect Human; plurality of worlds; ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi Hadith

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This article explores the essence of the human in Twelver Shi'i philosophy and mysticism, and discusses the possible existence of extraterrestrial intelligent life and their relationship with humanhood. It presents a philosophical elucidation of how human beings are characterized and their connection with the Perfect Human archetype in Islamic thought. The article also reviews Imami traditions regarding extraterrestrial intelligent life and the plurality of worlds, providing a unique analysis of humanhood from the Shi'i philosophical viewpoint and questioning whether the term "human" can be applied to other intelligent beings with similar ontological features and intelligence levels.
This article explores the essence of the human (insan) as it is understood in Twelver ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi philosophy and mysticism. It presents a ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi philosophical elucidation regarding the possible existence of extraterrestrial intelligent lifeforms and what their relationship with humanhood might be. This line of reasoning is presented with a general sketch of how, in ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi Islamic thought, a human being is characterized by specific traits and the relationship of human beings with the archetype of the Perfect Human (al-Insan al-Kamil). Following this is a review of ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi Imami traditions regarding extraterrestrial intelligent life and the plurality of worlds. This sequence ultimately allows for a unique analysis of humanhood according to the ShiMODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGi philosophical viewpoint and helps determine if the term human can be used for other intelligent beings with similar ontological features and intelligence levels.

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