Journal
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 100, Issue -, Pages 110-119Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.012
Keywords
Kynurenine; Kynurenic acid; Quinolinic acid; Tryptophan metabolism; Rett syndrome
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [094691/Z/10/Z]
- Epsom Medical Research [TWS0114]
- Wellcome Trust [094691/Z/10/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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To quantify the full range of tryptophan metabolites along the kynurenine pathway, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and used to analyse brain extracts of rodents treated with the kynurenine-3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) inhibitor Ro61-8048 during pregnancy. There were significant increases in the levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK) in the maternal brain after 5 h but not 24 h, while the embryos exhibited high levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid and anthranilic acid after 5 h which were maintained at 24 h post-treatment. At 24 h'there was also a strong trend to an increase in quinolinic acid levels (P = 0.055). No significant changes were observed in any of the other kynurenine metabolites. The results confirm the marked increase in the accumulation of some neuroactive kynurenines when KMO is inhibited, and re-emphasise the potential importance of changes in anthranilic acid. The prolonged duration of metabolite accumulation in the embryo brains indicates a trapping of compounds within the embryonic CNS independently of maternal levels. When brains were examined from young mice heterozygous for the meCP2 gene - a potential model for Rett syndrome - no differences were noted from control mice, suggesting that the proposed roles for kynurenines in autism spectrum disorder are not relevant to Rett syndrome, supporting its recognition as a distinct, independent, condition. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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