Journal
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
Volume 41, Issue 11, Pages 3095-3102Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2032-8
Keywords
Intracerebral hemorrhage; Baicalein; Blood-brain barrier; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAPKs; NF-kappa B
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271315]
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Centre for Neurosurgery [2013B020400005]
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Previous studies have demonstrated that baicalein has protective effects against several diseases, which including ischemic stroke. The effect of baicalein on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its related mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which baicalein may influence the BBB in a rat model of ICH. The rat model of ICH was induced by intravenous injection of collagenase IV into the brain. Animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, vehicle, and baicalein group. Each group was then divided into subgroups, in which the rats were sacrificed at 24 and 72 h after ICH. We assessed brain edema, behavioral changes, BBB leakage, apoptosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). Treatment with baicalein reduced brain water content, BBB leakage, apoptosis, and neurologic deficits, compared with vehicle. Baicalein also decreased ICH-induced changes in the levels of iNOS but increased the levels of ZO-1. The protective effect of baicalein on the BBB in ICH rats was possibly invoked by attenuated p-38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation, and decreased activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which may have suppressed gene transcription, including iNOS, and eventually decreased formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Our results suggest that baicalein exerts a protective effect on BBB disruption in the rat model of ICH. The likely mechanism is via inhibition of MAPKs and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, leading to decreased formation of iNOS and ONOO-, thereby improving neurological function.
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