Mapping the approaches for investigating Makkah's architectural vocabularies and AI: A literature review

Summary: This paper presents a digitalization method for architectural heritage in historic districts, using typological plan analysis, Shape Grammar method, and Grasshopper software. The case study focuses on the modern Western-style house on Kulangsu, a world heritage site and historical district. The study divides the layout plans into three types, establishes shape grammar, and creates a digital form generation method. The research provides a quantitative analysis of heritage culture and a rapid modeling method, offering insights for the construction of a heritage culture database and digital heritage management in historic districts.

Summary: Spatial perception in virtual reality systems depends on how users explore, observe, and perceive spatial factors in the virtual environment. This study investigates the impact of view usage patterns on spatial cognition and decision-making in both fully immersive and monitor-based virtual reality systems. The results show that using the eye-level view as the only view type in a fully immersive system affects the view usage patterns in a monitor-based system. The participants' spatial decision-making results also varied depending on the system usage sequence and view type.

Summary: This paper reviewed research on traditional architectural element mashrabiya, focusing on its impact on indoor thermal environment and comfort. Field tests showed that opening mashrabiya improves airflow and reduces indoor temperature, while building envelope helps stabilize indoor temperature fluctuations. Further studies are needed to explore mashrabiya's potential incorporation with passive cooling methods and its performance under different climatic conditions.