Post-transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD): In the Liver Transplant Recipient

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are uncommon neoplasms that complicate the post transplantation period. The incidence of PTLD and outcome post liver transplantation is sparsely described. Children who undergo liver transplantation are at higher risk of PTLD than adults. Risk factors for PTLD include the level of immunosuppression and Epstein-Barr virus status. Immunosuppression in post-transplant patients can cause uncontrolled expansion of B cells. The diagnosis requires high degree of clinical suspicion, radiological evaluation, and tissue biopsy. Risk reduction depends mainly on decreasing patients' exposure to aggressive immunosuppressive regimens and is the initial step in management. Rituximab with or without chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In refractory or persistent disease, alternative treatment options like adoptive immunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant have been explored. Prognosis is determined by clonality of the PTLD and severity of the disease.

Automated summary

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are rare neoplasms that occur in the post-transplantation period. Children undergoing liver transplantation are at higher risk of PTLD. Risk factors include immunosuppression and Epstein-Barr virus status. Diagnosis requires clinical suspicion, radiological evaluation, and tissue biopsy. Risk reduction involves minimizing aggressive immunosuppressive regimens and early treatment.