Clinical Profile and Prognostic Markers of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF): A Single-center Experience from East India

Aim: The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and establish Cell-free DNA (Cf DNA) as a predictor of the outcome of ACLF. Methods: In this prospective study, those patients who fulfilled EASL criteria were included. Cf DNA was estimated in 30 patients and compared with the CLIF-C ACLF score. Results: The median age of 132 consecutive ACLF patients was 40 years. The most common acute insult were sepsis (30.3%) and alcohol (22%). White alcohol (35.6%) and chronic HBV (14.3%) were the most com-mon etiologies of cirrhosis. The overall mortality was 45.5% and 71.2% at 28 days and 90 days, respectively. Mul-tiple regression analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model showed that heart rate (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08 P = 0.001), lung failure (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.24-6.44, P = 0.02), and cell-free DNA (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.17-6.24, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of mortality When Cf DNA was used w predict 28-day mortality, Cf DNA was found to have a higher AUC (AUROC 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.98, P -0.001) than the CLIF-C-ACLF score (AUROC 0.81, 95% 0.66-0.97, P = 0.003). However, when 90-day mortality was compared, CLIF-C-ACLF score had a higher area under the curve (AUROC 0.93, 95% CI 0.83-1.00, P = 0.0001) than Cf DNA (AUROC 0.89, 95% CI 0.77-1.00, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Alcohol and sepsis remain the most common causes of acute insult. Cf DNA is a better pre-dictor of 28-day mortality, whereas CLIF-C ACLF is more accurate to predict 90-day mortality. (J Cu kappa ExP HEP-ATOL 2023;13:1017-1024)

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical profile of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and establish Cell-free DNA (Cf DNA) as a predictor of ACLF outcome. The results showed that alcohol and sepsis were the most common causes of acute insult. Cf DNA was found to be a better predictor of 28-day mortality, while CLIF-C ACLF was more accurate in predicting 90-day mortality.