Wood biochar enhances methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under ammonia inhibition conditions

The process of breaking down chicken manure through anaerobic digestion is an effective waste management technology. However, chicken manure can be a challenging feedstock, causing ammonia stress and digester instability. This study examined the impacts of adding wood biochar and acid-alkali-treated wood biochar to anaerobically digest chicken manure under conditions of ammonia inhibition. The results highlighted that only the addition of 5 % acid-alkali-treated wood biochar by volume can achieve cumulative methane production close to the typical methane potential range of chicken manure. The treated wood biochar also exhibited highest total ammonia nitrogen removal compared to the Control treatment. Scanning Electron Microscope revealed growing interactions between biochar and methanogens over time. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that treated wood biochar produced the highest number of bacterial biomass. In addition, 16S amplicon-based sequencing identified a more robust archaeal community from treated biochar addition. Overall, the acid-alkali treatment of biochar represents an effective method of modifying biochar to improve its performance in anaerobic digestion.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of adding wood biochar on the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under conditions of ammonia inhibition. The results showed that adding 5% acid-alkali-treated wood biochar by volume could achieve methane production levels close to the typical range of chicken manure. The treated wood biochar also exhibited the highest removal of total ammonia nitrogen compared to the control treatment. Microscopic observations and molecular biology analysis revealed the mechanisms by which acid-alkali-treated wood biochar improved anaerobic digestion performance.