Optimization of the Ginkgo Wine Fermentation Process and Influence of Fermentation Starter Types on the Brewing Flavor

Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) contains rich nutrients, such as starch, protein, oil, and trace components, such as flavonoids and terpene lactones. Due to its high protein content, it can be used as a raw material for fermentation and brewing. In this study, GBS was selected as the object of a fermentation process optimization test. Six kinds of fermentation starter were selected to brew ginkgo wine. The results showed that different fermentation starters have significant impacts on the composition of the wine. The yeast group had higher total sugar content and comprehensive evaluation scores than the Jiuqu group, while the total acid and total free amino acid contents showed the opposite result. The total flavonoid and total terpene lactone contents of the yeast group were 21.0% and 12.8% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. However, the 4 '-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) and 4 '-O-methylpyridoxine-5 '-glucoside (MPNG) contents of the yeast group were also 12.6% and 2.3% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. The common volatile components in the two groups of samples were isoamyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, and phenethyl acetate. The antioxidant capacity of ginkgo wine fermented by yeast was significantly higher than that of the Jiuqu group sample.

Automated summary

Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) is a rich source of nutrients and can be used for fermentation and brewing. This study optimized the fermentation process of GBS to produce ginkgo wine using different fermentation starters. The results showed that the composition of the wine was significantly impacted by the choice of fermentation starter, with the yeast group having higher sugar content and better evaluation scores. The yeast-fermented ginkgo wine also had higher antioxidant capacity compared to the Jiuqu group.