Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Allergy
Stuart G. Tangye
Summary: Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 6.5 million deaths worldwide, highlighting the crucial role of the immune system in defending against emerging pathogens. Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), characterized by defects in immune cell development and function, make individuals highly susceptible to severe infections and immune dysregulation. The study of IEI has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and immunopathology, which can inform the development of therapies for both emerging and established infectious diseases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Aaron Bodansky et al.
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of autoantibodies against type I IFNs in children with severe sequelae of COVID-19 and mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that high levels of anti-IFN-a2 autoantibodies are rare in children and adolescents and are more likely to occur in patients with inborn errors of immunity.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Federico Baldi et al.
Summary: COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients is difficult to treat, and the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the host immune system and therapy role is limited. The use of monoclonal antibodies and antiviral combinations for viral replication and disease progression is lacking data. Here, we report successful treatment of two COVID-19 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, who had undergone rituximab treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, respectively, using a salvage combination therapy with sotrovimab, remdesivir, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Giacomelli et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between SARS-CoV-2 viremia and mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. By analyzing data from a COVID-19 registry, the study found a positive correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viremia and mortality, suggesting that viremia testing should be considered in the initial assessment of COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
Review
Hematology
Rainer Moog
Summary: Convalescent plasma, collected from recovered patients and transfused to infectious patients, is a treatment option for special subgroups of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. High antibody titer, early treatment, and moderate disease activity are identified as key factors for effective treatment. Further clinical trials are necessary to define the role of convalescent plasma in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease.
TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cinzia Milito et al.
Summary: CVID patients have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the outcomes are similar between Italian and Dutch cohorts despite different treatment approaches. Therefore, specific treatment should be reserved for selected subgroups of CVID patients based on pre-existing conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Andreas Volk et al.
Summary: Patients with immune deficiencies often receive antibodies from healthy donors as a first line of defense against infections. Research shows that plasma-derived immunoglobulin lots produced between December 2020 and June 2021 have increasing neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 over time.
Review
Hematology
Aaron A. R. Tobian et al.
Summary: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is a treatment option for COVID-19 that works through the mediation of antibodies and is primarily effective for elderly outpatients in the early stages of the disease. However, it is not effective for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe disease. Collection of CCP should be as close as possible to the time and location of the patient.
Article
Allergy
Li-An K. Brown et al.
Summary: This study characterized a cohort of patients with chronic or relapsing COVID-19 disease who have immunodeficiency. The findings suggest that remdesivir monotherapy is often ineffective, but the combination of remdesivir with antibody-based therapeutics shows promise.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Veronique Nussenblatt et al.
Summary: B-cell-depleting therapies can result in prolonged disease and viral shedding in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, raising concerns for viral evolution. This study sequenced early and late samples from a 335-day infection in an immunocompromised patient and identified unique viral mutations, highlighting the importance of analyzing viral evolution in prolonged infections, especially in immunosuppressed hosts.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Hammond et al.
Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Judith Leon et al.
Summary: This study aims to compare the changes in antibody levels in recipients of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) transfusion from vaccinated and nonvaccinated donors. The results show that CCP from vaccinated donors leads to a significant increase in patient antibody levels, while CCP from nonvaccinated donors only results in modest increases.
TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Karl Hagman et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 viremia at admission is associated with high risk for mortality. The duration of viremia is a significant factor in predicting mortality, with a 40% increased odds for each additional day of viremia.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with IEI. The results showed that COVID-19 vaccination was immunogenic in patients with mild antibody deficiencies and phagocyte defects, but had lower immunogenicity in patients with more severe IEI like CVID and combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency. The presence of noninfectious complications and the use of immunosuppressive drugs negatively affected the antibody response in patients with CVID.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Giuliana Giardino et al.
Summary: COVID-19 manifestations and outcomes in patients with inborn errors of immunity are still debated. In this retrospective study, the Italian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPINet) described the experience of 114 patients. The most common immunodeficiencies were 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in children and common variable immunodeficiency in adults. Hospitalization rate was higher in older patients and those with chronic lung disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rosario Menéndez et al.
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad et al.
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
Article
Immunology
Riccardo Scarpa et al.
Summary: This study investigated the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on COVID-19 patients. The results showed that hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with a more severe disease course and more frequent sICU/ICU admission. Therefore, routine serum protein electrophoresis evaluation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is important for clinicians in decision-making and patient care.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Steiner et al.
Summary: This study reports clinical and immunological findings in PAD patients with severe/fatal COVID-19 and undetectable humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Robust T cell response was observed in all examined PAD patients, indicating the importance of T cell immunity in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tomas Milota et al.
Summary: Despite the limitations, this study provides evidence that patients with immune dysregulation, except for those with hereditary angioedema (HAE), are at significant risk for severe COVID-19. The study also demonstrates a high seroconversion rate in antibody-deficient patients and the safety of anti-spike SARS CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yann Nguyen et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 among immunocompromised patients receiving tixagevimab/cilgavimab as preexposure prophylaxis. The results showed a low rate of infections and severe illnesses among patients treated with tixagevimab/cilgavimab, suggesting the effectiveness of this preventive strategy for severely immunocompromised patients.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Rivalta et al.
Summary: This case demonstrates the good tolerability and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in reducing viral shedding in long-lasting infections refractory to other treatments. The virus was cleared 7 days after monoclonal antibody administration, showing the effectiveness of this treatment option.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Giulia Garzi et al.
Summary: This study shows that the use of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity can reduce the risk of hospitalization and severity of COVID-19. However, the emergence of new viral strains may diminish the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Terese L. Katzenstein et al.
Summary: Compared to the general population, individuals with CVID are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes, despite receiving vaccinations earlier. However, there is no difference in the risk of mechanical ventilation and death between the two groups, although the small sample size makes the estimates uncertain.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Spaska Lesichkova et al.
Summary: This study reports the clinical course and immunological evaluation of five patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) who were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that the COVID-19 infection in these patients was mild to moderate, and all patients developed a specific T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin Lin et al.
Summary: This article presents a case of acute liver failure in an elderly man with obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 after initiation of remdesivir. It broadens our understanding of the side effects of remdesivir and highlights the importance of monitoring hepatic function.
ACG CASE REPORTS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Isabelle Meyts et al.
Summary: The study shows that patients with IEI exhibit varied responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with some requiring hospitalization and even intensive care, and a non-negligible mortality rate. In comparison to the general population, younger IEI patients may face a higher risk of severe illness and mortality.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Roshini S. Abraham et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can have a significant impact on the immune system. This study evaluated a novel NFKB2 loss of function variant in a 17-year-old male patient and discussed the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this context. Despite underlying immune dysfunction, the patient recovered from the infection with intense management.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Adrian M. Shields et al.
Summary: Patients with PID and symptomatic SID have higher morbidity and mortality risks from COVID-19 compared to the general population, requiring enhanced protective measures.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven A. Kemp et al.
Summary: Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to viral evolution and increased resistance to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals treated with convalescent plasma. During convalescent plasma therapy, there were significant shifts in the viral population structure and sensitivity, suggesting strong selection pressure on the virus during treatment.
Article
Immunology
Alexandros Grammatikos et al.
Summary: Understanding the role of humoral immunity in viral infections is crucial during the COVID-19 era. Patients with B cell alymphocytosis, particularly those with XLA, Good's syndrome, post monoclonal-antibody therapy, and certain patients with CVID, are predisposed to adverse outcomes when infected with viruses, including SARS-CoV2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Xueting Yao et al.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Jing Yang et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Jianjun Gao et al.
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Siqi Gong et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Thomas Hueso et al.
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Bina Choi et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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