Journal
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
Volume 43, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER - DIVISION REED ELSEVIER INDIA PVT LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2023.101452
Keywords
Clean energy; Fuel cells; Biomass gasification; Fuel reforming; Solar hydrogen
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This paper provides a techno-economic and environmental overview of H2 production technologies. Reforming of fossil fuels is still considered as the backbone of large-scale H2 production, while renewable hydrogen has advanced technologically but is expensive. A viable scenario is replacing fossil fuels with solar hydrogen production or biomass gasification, and integrating fuel cells with hydrogen production units for desired results.
With rapidly depleting fossil fuels and growing environmental alarms due to their usage, hydrogen as an energy vector provides a clean and sustainable solution. However, the challenge lies in replacing mature fossil fuel technology with efficient and economical hydrogen production. This paper provides a techno-economic, and environmental overview of H2 production technologies. Reforming of fossil fuels is still considered as the backbone of large-scale H2 production. Whereas renewable hydrogen has technically advanced and improved, its cost remains an area of concern. Finding alternative catalytic materials would reduce such costs for renewable hydrogen production. Taking a mid-term timeframe, a viable scenario is replacing fossil fuels with solar hydrogen production integrated with water splitting methods, or from biomass gasification. Gasification of biomass is the preferred option as it is carbon neutral and cost-effective, producing hydrogen at 1.77 - 2.77 $/kg of H2. Among other uses of hydrogen in industrial appli-cations, the most viable approach is to use it in hydrogen fuel cells for generating electricity. Commercialization of fuel cell technology is hindered by a lack of hydrogen infrastructure. Fuel cells and hydrogen production units should be integrated to achieve desired results. Case studies of different fuel cells and hydrogen production technologies are presented at the end of this paper, depicting a viable and environmentally acceptable approach compared with fossil fuels.& COPY; 2023 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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