Trends in Illicit Cannabis Potency based on the Analysis of Law Enforcement Seizures in the Southern Area of Rome

Cannabis remains the most illicitly produced and consumed substance worldwide, and the average trans-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in cannabis products (marijuana, hashish) has increased over time. This paper presents data about THC concentration in cannabis resin samples seized by law enforcement from 2015 to 2022 in the southern area of Rome (Italy). From 2015 to 2022, more than 1000 hashish samples were analyzed; the average THC content was 18.0% and dramatically increased from 13.7% (2015) to 27.1% (2022). The potency of THC in some samples characterized by unusual shape and color was higher than 24% and, in a few cases, higher than 40%. The age group most involved in seizures of cannabis resin concerned males aged between 15 and 36 years old. The spread of this phenomenon increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. Many observational studies compare the increased cannabis potency with the onset of psychosis, depression, anxiety and cannabis use disorders (CUDs), mainly in young adults. THC-potency monitoring provides data that can be helpful to create a network of communication and interaction between universities, and legislative and public health institutions to support education, awareness and surveillance related to cannabis abuse.

Automated summary

This paper presents data on the THC concentration in cannabis resin samples seized in the southern area of Rome from 2015 to 2022. The analysis of over 1000 samples revealed an average THC content of 18.0%, with a significant increase from 13.7% in 2015 to 27.1% in 2022. Some samples exhibited THC potency higher than 24% and even surpassing 40%. The spread of high-potency cannabis resin poses risks to public health.