a4-Containing GABAA Receptors on DRD2 Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens Mediate Instrumental Responding for Conditioned Reinforcers and Its Potentiation by Cocaine

Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) composed of a4, b , and d subunits mediate GABAergic tonic inhibition and are potential molecular targets in the modulation of behavioral responses to natural and drug rewards. These GABAARs are highly expressed within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), where they influence the excitability of the medium spiny neurons. Here, we explore their role in modulating behavioral responses to food-conditioned cues and the behavior-potentiating effects of cocaine. a4-Subunit constitutive knock-out mice (a4-/-) showed higher rates of instrumental responding for reward-paired stimuli in a test of conditioned reinforcement (CRf). A similar effect was seen following viral knockdown of GABAAR a4 subunits within the NAc. Local infusion of the a4b d-GABAAR-preferring agonist THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol; Gaboxadol) into the NAc had no effect on responding when given alone but reduced cocaine potentiation of responding for conditioned reinforcers in wild-type, but not a4-/-mice. Finally, specific deletion of a4-subunits from dopamine D2, but not D1, receptor-expressing neurons (DRD2 and DRD1 neurons), mimicked the phenotype of the constitutive knockout, potentiating CRf responding, and blocking intra-accumbal THIP attenuation of cocaine-potentiated CRf responding. These data demonstrate that a4-GABAAR-mediated inhibition of DRD2 neurons reduces instrumental responding for a conditioned reinforcer and its potentiation by cocaine and emphasize the importance of GABAergic signaling within the NAc in mediating the effects of cocaine.

Automated summary

Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens play a crucial role in modulating behavioral responses to rewards and the effects of cocaine. Knockout or knockdown of a4 subunits of GABAARs leads to increased instrumental responding for reward-paired stimuli and attenuated potentiation of cocaine effects. These findings highlight the importance of GABAergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens in mediating the effects of cocaine.