Measurement of thermal radiative and mass transfer of peristaltic pumping of electrically-conducting bio-bi-phase flow due to metachronal wave: Eukaryotic cells in biological applications

Cilia motion are commonly located in mammalian cells of living organisms which is continually grow and feature conspicuously. The ciliary apparatus is associated to cell cycle movement and proliferation, and cilia show a dynamic part in human and animal growth and in everyday life. The measurement of a solo cilium is one to tenth micrometres and width is less than 1 & mu;m. A large number of varieties is originated such as inner ear, kidney, oviduct, eye, testes, olfactory epithelium and respiratory tract. Protozoa, algae, and several small invertebrates are examples of creatures that frequently exhibit metachronal waves in their cilia and flagella. These waves generate an overall propulsive force that enables the movement of these organisms in fluid settings. Cilia or flagella can provide fluid flow that drives the creature ahead or allows it to move particles or other materials around it by producing a travelling wave motion. Motivation of these applications, Present study is measurement of thermal and mass transfer in beating cilia of multiphase peristaltic pumping of non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring fluid in two- and three-dimensional channel using transvers magnetohydrodynamics in porous medium. Two systems of the governing equations both phases dusty and fluid phase are formulated for the non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring fluid. Calculated exact solutions for fluid phase velocity, particulate phase velocity, temperature, concentration and pressure gradient respectively. Also, physical behaviour is discussed by plotting the graph of different dimensionless parameters on both phases solid-liquid on velocity, thermal and concentration. Trapping phenomenon is visualized by plotting the stream lines of different dimensionless parameters on velocity of Ree-Eyring fluid and magnetic field.

Automated summary

Cilia are commonly found in mammalian cells and play a significant role in cell cycle movement and proliferation, as well as human and animal growth. They can generate propulsive forces that enable the movement of organisms in fluid settings. In this study, thermal and mass transfer in beating cilia of non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring fluid were measured in two- and three-dimensional channels using magnetohydrodynamics in porous medium. The governing equations for both the dusty and fluid phase were formulated, and exact solutions for velocity, temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient were calculated. The physical behavior was discussed by plotting dimensionless parameters for velocity, thermal, and concentration.