Range of Clinical Manifestations Caused by Invasive Meningococcal Disease Due to Serogroup W: A Systematic Review

IntroductionInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup W meningococci (MenW) is consistently reported with atypical clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal symptoms, bacteremic pneumonia, and septic arthritis. We undertook a systematic review of the literature for a comprehensive assessment of the clinical presentation of IMD caused by MenW.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2022 using a combination of MeSH terms and free text for articles that reported symptoms and signs of MenW IMD, and associated manifestations.ResultsThe most commonly reported symptoms identified included: fever (range 36-100% of cases), nausea and/or vomiting (range 38-47%), vomiting (range 14-68%), cough (range 7-57%), sore throat (range 13-34%), headache (range 7-50%), diarrhea (range 8-47%), altered consciousness/mental status (range 7-38%), stiff neck (range 7-54%), and nausea (range 7-20%). Sepsis (range 15-83% of cases) was the most commonly reported manifestation followed by meningitis (range 5-72%), sepsis and meningitis (range 6-74%), bacteremic pneumonia (range 4-24%), arthritis (range 1-15%), and other manifestations (e.g., pharyngitis/epiglottitis/supraglottitis/tonsillitis/conjunctivitis; range 1-24%). The case fatality rates ranged from 8-40%, and among the survivors 4-14% had long-term sequelae.ConclusionsClinicians need to be aware of the nonspecific symptoms and signs of IMD, as well as of the atypical manifestations in regions where MenW is known to circulate to ensure timely diagnoses and treatment.

Automated summary

Invasive meningococcal disease caused by MenW often presents with atypical symptoms and manifestations, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, bacteremic pneumonia, and septic arthritis. Clinicians need to be aware of the nonspecific symptoms and signs in regions where MenW circulates to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.