An Updated Review on Monkeypox Viral Disease: Emphasis on Genomic Diversity

Editorial Material Ophthalmology

Ophthalmic manifestations of monkeypox virus

Abdelaziz Abdelaal et al.

EYE (2023)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Highly accurate protein structure prediction and drug screen of monkeypox virus proteome

Qiangzhen Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2023)

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Article Immunology

Geographic Structuring and Divergence Time Frame of Monkeypox Virus in the Endemic Region

Diego Forni et al.

Summary: This study explores the evolution and geographic patterns of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central and West Africa. The results show that the two major clades of MPXV have distinct histories, possibly due to differences in ecology. The study also reveals geographic structuring of MPXV diversity and suggests that the separation of major lineages occurred during a period of rainforest coverage changes.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical characteristics of ambulatory and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection: an observational cohort study

Morgane Mailhe et al.

Summary: A global outbreak of monkeypox virus infections in human beings has been described since April 2022. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics and complications of patients with a monkeypox infection. A total of 264 consecutive patients with a PCR-confirmed monkeypox infection seen in a French referral centre were included.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infections among men with and without HIV: A large outbreak cohort in Germany

Christian Hoffmann et al.

Summary: Since May 2022, there has been an increasing number of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections reported in Europe and North America. A retrospective study in Germany found that the majority of infected individuals were men who have sex with men (MSM), with nearly half of them also living with HIV. Despite some patients having coinfections, severe cases were rare and hospitalization rates were low.

HIV MEDICINE (2023)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection

Santi Nolasco et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2023)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Monkeypox virus from neurological complications to neuroinvasive properties: current status and future perspectives

Ali Sepehrinezhad et al.

Summary: The number of monkeypox cases is rapidly increasing worldwide. Despite efforts to manage the initial symptoms, such as skin lesions and flu-like symptoms, the effects of the monkeypox virus on multiple organs remain unclear. Recent findings show neurological symptoms in patients and experimental studies suggest that the virus can invade the central nervous system through neuroinvasive mechanisms. This highlights the importance of understanding the neuroinvasive potential and neurological manifestations of MPXV.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Viral loads in clinical samples of men with monkeypox virus infection: a French case series

Romain Palich et al.

Summary: This study describes the distribution of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the human body, and the results show that the virus is more frequently detected and has higher viral loads in the skin, anus, and throat. These findings suggest that transmission most likely occurs through direct body contact.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Review Biology

Clinical Manifestation, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review

Faheem Anwar et al.

Summary: Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic double-stranded DNA virus that causes disease in humans and mammals. It is associated with the smallpox virus and has been reported in various regions of Africa and the Northern and western hemispheres. This review focuses on the taxonomic classification, clinical presentations, and pathogenicity of the monkeypox virus in humans, as well as different diagnostic methods used for virus detection.

LIFE-BASEL (2023)

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Article Immunology

Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent

Matthew R. Mauldin et al.

Summary: There is no direct linkage between the individuals who exported the monkeypox cases from Nigeria, but there is limited genetic variation among the viruses, suggesting a possible common source or independent infections within a small geographic area.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Tropical Medicine

The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review

Eveline M. Bunge et al.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Transmission dynamics of Monkeypox virus: a mathematical modelling approach

Olumuyiwa James Peter et al.

Summary: Monkeypox, caused by the monkeypox virus, occurs in remote regions of Central and West Africa near tropical rainforests. A mathematical model was developed to analyze the virus, showing both local and global stability conditions for disease-free and endemic equilibria. The model also reveals the importance of isolating infected individuals to reduce disease transmission.

MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox in a Traveler Returning from Nigeria — Dallas, Texas, July 2021

Agam K. Rao et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Performance Assessment Study of Different Clinical Samples for Rapid COVID-19 Antigen Diagnosis Tests

Naveed Ahmed et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the performance accuracy of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection kits using different clinical samples. The results showed that nasal and buccal swabs had high sensitivity and specificity, making them valuable tools for early detection of the virus.

DIAGNOSTICS (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Detection of Monkeypox Virus in Anorectal Swabs From Asymptomatic Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Program in Paris, France

Valentine Marie Ferre et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

An Overview of Monkeypox Virus and Its Neuroinvasive Potential

Daniel M. Pastula et al.

Summary: Monkeypox virus is a virus of international concern that is transmitted through contact with infected animals or close contact with infected individuals. In the current outbreak, it primarily affects men who have sex with men, and symptoms may not include a febrile prodrome, with lesions mainly localized to the genital and anal regions. Although neurological manifestations of monkeypox virus infection are rare, neurologists should be prepared to recognize, diagnose, and treat potential neuroinvasive disease or other neurological symptoms.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Infection-competent monkeypox virus contamination identified in domestic settings following an imported case of monkeypox into the UK

Barry Atkinson et al.

Summary: In December 2019, a case of monkeypox was diagnosed in a traveller returning from Nigeria to the UK. The study confirmed the presence of infection-competent monkeypox virus in environmental settings and emphasized the importance of rapid environmental assessment to reduce potential exposure to close contacts and the general public.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

The virology of human monkeypox virus (hMPXV): A brief overview

Edouard Lansiaux et al.

Summary: Human monkeypox virus (hMPXV), a neglected zoonotic pathogen closely associated with smallpox virus, spreads mainly through close contact with infected animals or humans. Although it has been endemic in parts of Africa, recent outbreaks have occurred in countries outside Africa due to increased trade, tourism, and travel. The 2022 outbreak is puzzling due to the lack of epidemiological connection and the possibility of sexual transmission. Limited understanding of the virus's invasion mechanisms highlights the importance of comprehending viral-immune interactions for the development of effective therapeutics and preventive measures.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Severe monkeypox-virus infection in undiagnosed advanced HIV infection

Christoph Boesecke et al.

INFECTION (2022)

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Article Immunology

The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus

Narendra Kumar et al.

Summary: Two cases of monkeypox virus infection in individuals returning from Nigeria to the USA have led to a dramatic increase in infection rates. As of June 10, 2022, over 1,500 cases have been reported in 43 countries, including Europe and North America. While monkeypox virus is prevalent in central and western Africa, its presence in developed countries has raised concerns about global spread.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Virology

Clinical characteristics and comparison of longitudinal qPCR results from different specimen types in a cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized patients infected with monkeypox virus.

Dominik Noerz et al.

Summary: This study compared clinical data with longitudinal qPCR results in male monkeypox virus-infected patients. The findings showed the reliability of lesion swabs for detecting the virus, even in later stages of the disease, while oropharyngeal swabs and blood samples carried the risk of false negative results but may have value in asymptomatic cases or viral load monitoring.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

First two cases of Monkeypox virus infection in travellers returned from UAE to India, July 2022

Pragya D. Yadav et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2022)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox virus containment: the application of ring vaccination and possible challenges

Ranjit Sah et al.

Summary: Due to the potential pandemic of monkeypox, the application of ring vaccination is valuable in breaking the transmission chain and preventing the occurrence of this severe disease. Overcoming accompanying challenges is necessary to properly contain the disease before it is declared as a pandemic.

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Evidence of human-to- dog transmission of monkeypox virus

Sophie Seang et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Guidelines for pregnant individuals with monkeypox virus exposure

Pradip Dashraath et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study

Eloy Jose Tarin-Vicente et al.

Summary: This study investigated the clinical and virological characteristics of cases of human monkeypox in Spain. The findings showed that monkeypox caused genital, perianal, and oral lesions and complications including proctitis and tonsillitis. Lesion swabs showed the highest viral loads, suggesting close contact as the dominant transmission route in the current outbreak.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis

Nicolo Girometti et al.

Summary: Autochthonous community monkeypox virus transmission is currently observed among MSM in the UK. High proportion of concomitant STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmissibility through local inoculation during close skin-to-skin or mucosal contact, during sexual activity. Additional resources are needed to support sexual health and other specialist services in managing this condition. A review of the case definition and better understanding of viral transmission routes are necessary for the development of infection control policies, education and prevention strategies, and contact tracing.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Monkeypox virus isolation from a semen sample collected in the early phase of infection in a patient with prolonged seminal viral shedding

Daniele Lapa et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus

Joana Isidro et al.

Summary: In this study, shotgun metagenomics were used to rapidly reconstruct and characterize the genome sequences of the largest monkeypox virus outbreak in non-endemic countries so far. The findings indicate that the outbreak most likely has a single origin and that the virus belongs to clade 3. Furthermore, the study suggests the involvement of host APOBEC3 in viral evolution and reveals signs of ongoing microevolution in the virus.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Microbiology

Monkeypox virus: a neglected zoonotic pathogen spreads globally

Emmanuel F. Alakunle et al.

Summary: The monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries is likely due to the failure to control the spread of the disease in Africa over the years. A globally coordinated integrated health approach is crucial for controlling current and future outbreaks.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022

John P. Thornhill et al.

Summary: This report describes 528 cases of monkeypox in 16 countries. Common clinical findings include rash, mucosal lesions, fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy. Few patients required hospitalization.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

A Primer on Monkeypox Virus for Obstetrician-Gynecologists Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment

Dana M. Meaney-Delman et al.

Summary: Since May 2022, there have been more than 6,900 reported cases of monkeypox virus infection in 52 countries. In the United States, there have been 556 cases reported, initially travel-associated but now with domestic person-to-person transmission. Close, sustained skin-to-skin contact, including during sexual activity, is the primary mode of transmission. The risk of widespread community transmission is low, but rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals is critical.

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Veterinary Sciences

Appearance and re-appearance of zoonotic disease during the pandemic period: long-term monitoring and analysis of zoonosis is crucial to confirm the animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al.

VETERINARY QUARTERLY (2022)

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Article Virology

Effect of Monkeypox Virus Preparation on the Lethality of the Intravenous Cynomolgus Macaque Model

Eric M. Mucker et al.

Summary: Researchers have been working for over two decades to improve smallpox vaccines and develop therapies for smallpox or similar diseases. The use of animal models, such as macaques infected with monkeypox virus, has been crucial in advancing these therapies. However, there have been criticisms regarding the administration method and dosage used in these models.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Letter Surgery

Monkeypox virus under COVID-19: Caution for sexual transmission - Correspondence

Fengya Zhu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2022)

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Letter Surgery

Monkeypox virus (MPX) in humans a concern: Trespassing the global boundaries - Correspondence

Vikram Thakur et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2022)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Laboratory diagnostics for monkeypox: An overview of sensitivities from various published tests

Zhiwen Jiang et al.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Monitoring monkeypox virus in saliva and air samples in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Bruno Hernaez et al.

Lancet Microbe (2022)

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Review Immunology

Monkeypox virus emerges from the shadow of its more infamous cousin: family biology matters

Yan Xiang et al.

Summary: Monkeypox virus is a closely related virus to smallpox virus, causing a milder febrile rash illness in humans. While it used to be a rare zoonotic disease confined to forested areas in West and Central Africa, the number of cases and geographical range have significantly increased in recent years. The outbreak of monkeypox since May 2022 in multiple countries, with a large number of cases and no direct links to endemic areas, raises concerns about a possible change in transmission pattern and a greater global threat. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the virus host range, evolutionary potential, and neutralization targets for risk assessment and preparedness for a monkeypox epidemic.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox Outbreak — Nine States, May 2022

Faisal S. Minhaj et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Assessment of Knowledge of Monkeypox Viral Infection among the General Population in Saudi Arabia

Najim Z. Alshahrani et al.

Summary: The general population in Saudi Arabia has relatively poor knowledge of monkeypox, indicating a need for public education and increased awareness to effectively respond to outbreaks.

PATHOGENS (2022)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics

The monkeypox outbreak: risks to children and pregnant women

Manon Vouga et al.

LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox virus: A future scourge to the Pakistani Healthcare system

Hussain Mansoor et al.

Summary: Monkeypox is a rare viral infection that has recently been reported in non-endemic countries, including the United Kingdom, causing concerns for health authorities in Pakistan. Considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Pakistan's healthcare system, a monkeypox outbreak can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, relevant health authorities need to proactively educate the public about effective precautionary measures.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The burden of monkeypox virus amidst the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa: A double battle for Africa

Olivier Uwishema et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has strained Africa's fragile healthcare systems and affected the rise of infectious diseases, including Monkeypox. The current study aims to provide insight into Monkeypox and efforts to combat it amidst COVID-19 in Africa. Preventing and treating Monkeypox is more manageable compared to COVID-19, but African countries face challenges in detection, awareness, and healthcare capacity.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox virus: A tale of disparity between the wealthy and low-to-middle income nations

Maha Zahid et al.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (2022)

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Review Immunology

The resurgence of a neglected orthopoxvirus: Immunologic and clinical aspects of monkeypox virus infections over the past six decades

Amer Al-Musa et al.

Summary: Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease prevalent in Africa, capable of evading host immunity and resulting in high fatality rates. Limited vaccine supply highlights the need for further research to address this public health emergency.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The relevance of multiple clinical specimens in the diagnosis of monkeypox virus, Spain, June

Cristina Veintimilla et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Vaccination for monkeypox prevention in persons with high-risk sexual behaviours to control on-going outbreak of monkeypox virus clade 3

E. Petersen et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The first case of monkeypox virus infection detected in Taiwan: awareness and preparation

Zih-Syuan Yang et al.

Summary: This study reported the first case of monkeypox virus infection in Taiwan and emphasized the importance of active surveillance, enhancing border control, and the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs for preventing and controlling monkeypox disease.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox virus contamination in an office-based workplace environment

B. Atkinson et al.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2022)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against the monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses

G. Kampf

Summary: The number of human monkeypox virus infections is increasing in many countries. The main mode of transmission is direct contact. Disinfection may be necessary in the areas surrounding confirmed cases, as orthopoxviruses can remain infectious on inanimate surfaces for up to 42 days under laboratory conditions. This review evaluates published data on the antiviral efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2022)

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Article Pathology

Validation Study of a Direct Real-Time PCR Protocol for Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Zachary L. Chelsky et al.

Summary: Monkeypox has been identified as a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization and the United States. In order to address the growing outbreak, researchers have validated a direct real-time PCR protocol for monkeypox virus detection, which improves scalability, reduces technician time per sample, and minimizes exposure to the infectious agent.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Human monkeypox virus infection in an immunocompromised man: trial with tecovirimat

Loren E Hernandez et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage?

Nicolas Luna et al.

Summary: Since May 13, 2022, there has been an increasing number of suspected and confirmed cases of monkeypox reported in non-endemic regions worldwide. Analysis of the virus genomes revealed three distinct clades, including a newly emerging clade from the 2022 outbreak. The surge in cases and widespread geographical spread suggest multiple factors driving the current outbreak dynamics.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

What concerns the general public the most about monkeypox virus? - A text analytics study based on Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Praveen Sv et al.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Recently spreading human monkeypox virus infection and its transmission during COVID-19 pandemic period: A travelers' prospective

Manojit Bhattacharya et al.

Summary: Monkeypox has emerged in multiple countries and poses a global public health threat, with a potential link to air travel. There is currently no definitive evidence to establish a direct connection between travel from endemic countries and the increasing number of monkeypox cases in non-endemic countries. However, statistical models suggest a probability of an indirect association with air travel. Further epidemiological investigations and genetic analysis are needed to prove the transmission patterns and natural animal reservoirs of the monkeypox virus.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox virus: A novel sexually transmitted disease? A case report from France

Alexandre Valle et al.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Diagnosis of monkeypox virus - An overview

Mustafa Altindis et al.

Summary: Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, transmitted through close contact with infected animals, humans, or contaminated objects. Laboratory testing is necessary to confirm cases due to atypical clinical presentation, with nucleic acid amplification testing being the common method. There is a need for a global and effective laboratory network to enhance preparedness for this disease.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox virus neurological manifestations in comparison to other orthopoxviruses

Maryam Shafaati et al.

Summary: Viral infectious diseases can have neurological manifestations, with nonspecific encephalopathy being the most common. The extent of neurological evidence varies for different viral pathogens, with some showing direct neurotropism and others having the potential for it. Direct neurotropism is not yet confirmed in monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and smallpox. There are few reports of neurological diseases caused by monkeypox infection. Efforts to prevent disease outbreaks can reduce complications, the burden on healthcare systems, and further spread.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Editorial Material Immunology

The potential risks posed by inter- and intraspecies transmissions of monkeypox virus

Hannah Murphy et al.

VIRULENCE (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Monkeypox Virus Infections in Southern Italy: Is There a Risk for Community Spread?

Daniela Loconsole et al.

Summary: This study describes the characteristics of MPXV infection identified in Southern Italy. The research found 10 cases, mostly young adult males including MSMs and females. The study also identified infections in females without sexual risk factors.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Urgent need for a non-discriminatory and non-stigmatizing nomenclature for monkeypox virus

Christian Happi et al.

Summary: We propose a novel and non-discriminatory classification method for monkeypox virus diversity. Collaborating with the World Health Organization, we named three clades (I, IIa, and IIb) in the order of detection. Within IIb, which is responsible for the ongoing global outbreak, we identified multiple lineages (A.1, A.2, A.1.1, and B.1) to support real-time genomic surveillance.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

High-Contact Object and Surface Contamination in a Household of Persons with Monkeypox Virus Infection — Utah, June 2022

Jack A. Pfeiffer et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Retrospective detection of monkeypox virus in the testes of nonhuman primate survivors

Jun Liu et al.

Summary: This study analyzed tissue samples from crab-eating macaques infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) and found that MPXV can replicate in the testes and be transmitted through semen. The findings highlight the potential for sexual transmission of MPXV in humans.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Evolution, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and mutational landscape of newly emerging monkeypox virus

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al.

Summary: This study analyzed recent monkeypox outbreaks in non-endemic countries, focusing on molecular phylogenetics, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and genome characteristics of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) strain hMPXV1. The study identified different lineages of hMPXV1 and their evolution patterns, with the B.1 lineage associated with the current outbreaks. The study also analyzed the entropy diversity and mutational landscape of the hMPXV1 genome, revealing a slow mutation rate. The findings provide valuable insights for future research directions and therapeutic development.

GEROSCIENCE (2022)

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Review Immunology

Vaccination for Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans: A Review of Key Considerations

Kay Choong See

Summary: Monkeypox virus infection in humans is a global public health concern, with over 3000 reported cases in more than 50 countries. Adults generally have mild disease, while poorer outcomes are observed in children, immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women. The risk-benefit profile of monkeypox-specific treatments is unclear, but two effective vaccines exist for prevention. Vaccination is likely to be a key strategy for mitigating the spread of monkeypox, with priority given to healthcare workers, immunocompromised patients, and children.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid and Visual Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Junxia Feng et al.

Summary: In this study, a rapid and reliable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for the specific detection of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and evaluated using simulated clinical samples. The LAMP assay exhibited high sensitivity and specificity, successfully identifying MPXV in clinical samples. This assay could be a valuable tool for MPXV detection and on-site diagnosis, particularly in primary hospitals and rural areas.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2022)

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Letter Pediatrics

Monkeypox virus infections in children in Spain during the first months of the 2022 outbreak

David Aguilera-Alonso et al.

LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Is there a need to be worried about the new monkeypox virus outbreak? A brief review on the monkeypox outbreak

Nour Shaheen et al.

Summary: Monkeypox virus is an African virus that has the potential to cause a global pandemic. The virus can be transmitted through wild animals or infected individuals, with Africa being the main region affected. Preventive measures have been taken by various countries to control the outbreak.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Air and surface sampling for monkeypox virus in a UK hospital: an observational study

Susan Gould et al.

Summary: This study investigated environmental contamination of monkeypox virus in isolation rooms of symptomatic patients at a hospital in London, UK. The findings revealed widespread surface contamination and presence of the virus in the air, indicating the potential transmission risk of the virus in healthcare settings. The results highlight the importance of cleaning protocols, personal protective equipment, and procedures to prevent and control the spread of the virus.

LANCET MICROBE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Isolation and identification of monkeypox virus MPXV-ROK-P1-2022 from the first case in the Republic of Korea

Jin-Won Kim et al.

Summary: The study successfully isolated and identified the monkeypox virus (MPXV) from the first patient in Korea, confirming the presence of both MPXV-specific and orthopoxvirus-specific genes in the patient's specimens.

OSONG PUBLIC HEALTH AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Environmental Persistence of Monkeypox Virus on Surfaces in Household of Person with Travel-Associated Infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021

Clint N. Morgan et al.

Summary: This study conducted environmental sampling at the residence of a person with travel-associated human West African monkeypox virus. The results showed extensive contamination of MPXV-WA DNA and viable virus on different surfaces. Porous surfaces appeared to pose a higher risk of exposure to MPXV compared to nonporous surfaces, but the potential for indirect transmission was limited.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Neurological and psychiatric presentations associated with human monkeypox virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

James B. Badenoch et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the neuropsychiatric presentations of monkeypox infection and found evidence of severe neurological complications and nonspecific neurological features. However, there is limited evidence regarding the psychiatric presentations or sequelae of the virus.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Yong Huang et al.

Summary: Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus and has recently spread beyond endemic areas. It has been declared a public health emergency of international concern due to the increasing number of cases. This review provides an overview of monkeypox epidemiology, transmission patterns, viral infection mechanisms, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment measures. It also emphasizes the need for antiviral drugs and vaccines to control the disease.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The detection of monkeypox virus DNA in wastewater samples in the Netherlands

Eline F. de Jonge et al.

Summary: The article describes a method for qualitatively detecting monkeypox virus DNA in wastewater, which may prove to be a valuable surveillance tool for outbreaks.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Human monkeypox virus: An updated review

Nawal Adnan et al.

Summary: Human monkeypox is a virus similar to smallpox, and current diagnostic methods are time-consuming. The majority of cases occur in Central Africa, but there has been an increase in cases in Europe, the United States, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Viral transmission seems to have occurred during crowded events in Spain and Belgium.

MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Virology

Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans

Qizan Gong et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the features, transmission pathways, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and treatment strategies of human monkeypox. By understanding this information, it provides basic knowledge for the prevention and control of future outbreaks of monkeypox.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The First Case of Monkeypox in the Republic of Korea

Young Rock Jang et al.

Summary: The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea was reported, in which a 34-year-old male patient developed symptoms after traveling to Europe in June 2022. It is recommended to conduct careful history taking and physical examination in patients with epidemiologic risk factors for monkeypox, and appropriate specimens should be obtained from lesions for virus testing.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the first case of monkeypox virus in Brazil, 2022

Ingra Morales Claro et al.

Summary: This article reports the first confirmed case of Monkeypox virus infection in Brazil and describes the use of shotgun metagenomic sequencing for genome analysis.

REVISTA DO INSTITUTO DE MEDICINA TROPICAL DE SAO PAULO (2022)

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Article Immunology

Epidemiology of Early Monkeypox Virus Transmission in Sexual Networks of Gay and Bisexual Men, England, 2022

Amoolya Vusirikala et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Letter Immunology

Human Monkeypox without Viral Prodrome or Sexual Exposure, California, USA, 2022

Abraar Karan et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis

Nicole Girometti et al.

Summary: In the UK, monkeypox virus infection is increasingly observed among men who have sex with men, presenting with symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and skin lesions mainly in anogenital areas. Concurrent sexually transmitted infections are common, and there is a need for improved infection control policies and prevention strategies to address this emerging public health concern.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Virology