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Summary: This retrospective cohort study reveals that there is a significant association between COVID-19 and the risk of autoimmune diseases. However, further research is needed to replicate these findings in an independent dataset and understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Summary: In this large cohort study, we found that patients with prior COVID-19 infection have a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases compared to those without COVID-19.
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Hyun Jeong Ju et al.
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Antonio Tursi et al.
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Review
Immunology
Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi et al.
Summary: Cytokines produced by T helper cells play crucial roles in host defense against viruses, with Th1 cells essential for defense against intracellular pathogens and Th2 cells critical for parasite elimination. Diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza have led to global epidemics, with pulmonary immunopathology being a leading cause of mortality. Inadequate or excessive levels of specific cytokines can have adverse effects on the body during these viral infections.
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Azam Safary et al.
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Yhojan Rodriguez et al.
Summary: This study suggests a potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. New-onset conditions were more common, with immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome being the most common diseases associated with new-onset events. Some diseases may relapse after vaccination. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate this relationship.
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Evan Xu et al.
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Saurabh Kataria et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Ibrahim Taha et al.
Summary: In this study, the prevalence of post-COVID arthritis was 37%, with associations found between arthritis and old age, smoking, and arthralgia. The results indicated a strong association with inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP) and an insignificant association with serologic markers of autoimmunity (ANA and anti-CCP) in post-COVID arthritis. It was concluded that the underlying mechanism of post-COVID arthritis is primarily due to the hyperinflammatory process associated with COVID-19 infection, and IL-6 levels before therapy can predict post-COVID arthritis allowing for early management.
EUROPEAN CYTOKINE NETWORK
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Veerle F. A. M. Derksen et al.
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Boyan K. Tsankov et al.
Summary: Children with comorbidities are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and associated mortality, with a significantly increased risk compared to healthy children. Obese children also have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection.
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Anthony C. Gordon et al.
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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Amirhossein Mardi et al.
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Review
Cell Biology
Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos et al.
Summary: There is mounting evidence that COVID-19 can trigger the development of new-onset systemic and rheumatic autoimmune diseases, mainly involving vasculitis and arthritis. Further research is needed to understand the link between SARS-CoV-2 and these autoimmune diseases for early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aqsa Ahmad et al.
Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in terms of clinical management and infection transmission related to hepatic-disease comorbidities. COVID-19 patients with altered liver function due to hepatitis infection and cholestasis experience worse health outcomes. There are various ways in which SARS-CoV-2 can induce liver injury, including direct cytopathic effects, immune-mediated damage, hypoxia, and sepsis.
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Hannah Zacharias et al.
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Shuang Hua et al.
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Tugba Izci Duran et al.
Summary: Two rare cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) were reported in patients recently diagnosed with COVID-19, leading to acute kidney injury and pulmonary lesions. Treatment with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange improved renal function in these cases. Additionally, a systematic review revealed four cases of new-onset AAV following COVID-19 infection.
RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
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Diana Martonik et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system transmitted through droplets and contaminated objects. The immune system response is crucial in defending against viral infection but an overreaction may harm the body. Th17 cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Immunology
Chen Xu et al.
Summary: The study found that 20.16% of COVID-19 patients tested positive for rheumatoid-associated autoantibodies, with IgM-RF predominantly present in critically ill patients and IgA-RF mainly present in mild patients. The antibodies peaked in the later phase of the disease and lasted for a longer time.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
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Maryam Mobini et al.
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Kuppusamy Senthamizhselvan et al.
Summary: Immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as ileocolonic Crohn's disease in this case. Treatment with oral corticosteroids and sulfasalazine was effective in achieving remission of symptoms.
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Jae Seok Kim et al.
Summary: Severe COVID-19 is characterized by systemic hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, often leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm is crucial, with anti-inflammatory therapies playing a significant role. Various approaches are being used, including new cytokine-targeted therapies, to address the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19.
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