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Summary: This study investigated the reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that the suicide rates for all reasons exceeded the expected numbers, except for school-related reasons in men. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for developing suicide prevention intervention programs.
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Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lara B. Aknin et al.
Summary: COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on people's mental health, with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and distress, particularly in the early stages of the outbreak. However, suicide rates, life satisfaction, and loneliness remained relatively stable during the first year of the pandemic. In response to these findings, seven recommendations are proposed to support mental health during and beyond the pandemic.
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Motohiro Okada
Summary: Similar to other countries, the Japanese government took quick preventive measures against the increasing suicide rates during the pandemic, but was unable to suppress the rise. Suicide mortality rates among individuals under 20 and females aged 20-39 significantly increased during the pandemic, despite showing a decreasing trend before its onset. Additionally, higher unemployment rates were associated with increased suicide mortality for both sexes before the pandemic, but this relationship was not observed during the pandemic for females.
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Yasuhiro Kawano et al.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
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Michela Bersia et al.
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the rates of suicidality among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed a non-statistically significant increase in the annual incidence rate of suicides during 2020 compared to 2019. Suicidal behaviors were more common in the psychiatric setting, while suicidal ideation was higher in the general population and psychiatric setting. It is important for governments and stakeholders to be aware of the unique risks faced by youth during major disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic and take proactive steps to address their needs and mitigate these risks.
Review
Psychiatry
M. Mahbub Hossain et al.
Summary: This umbrella review synthesized global evidence on the epidemiologic burden and correlates of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of reviews reported a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, suicidal behavior, stress-related disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other mental health problems. Factors such as age, gender, place of residence, educational attainment, household income, sedentary life-style, social media and internet use, comorbidities, family relationships, COVID-19 related experiences, closure of schools, online learning, and social support were reported across reviews.
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Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ryusuke Matsumoto et al.
Summary: During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries/regions did not see an increase in suicides. However, Japan was an exception, with an increase in female suicides while male suicides remained unchanged. Personal consumption and standardized suicide death rates were analyzed to understand the trends in suicides during the pandemic. It was found that during the first wave of the pandemic, suicide rates for both sexes slightly decreased but increased during the second half of 2020. The suicide rates for females under 70 years old and males under 40 years old continued to increase in 2021. Changes in personal consumption, such as decreased expenditures on out-of-home recreations and increased expenditures on home-based recreations, were observed. Increased expenditures on internet/mobile communication were associated with an increase in suicide rates for both sexes, while increased expenditures on content distributions were associated with an increase in suicide rates for females only. Decreased expenditures on pubs were related to an increase in suicide rates for both sexes in non-metropolitan areas. These findings suggest that the changes in individual lifestyles during the pandemic, including more time spent at home and decreased social interactions, contribute to an increased risk of suicide.
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Motohiro Okada et al.
Summary: This study analyzes the trend change in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and finds an increase in rates in 2020 and 2021. The trend change is associated with gender, region, suicide method, and household. The study also finds that suicide rates among those who hang themselves at home and single-person households fluctuate in synchronization with the overall rates. Furthermore, the increase in the number of infected patients and diagnostic examinations is positively and negatively related to the suicide rate, respectively.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
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Ryusuke Matsumoto et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in suicide mortality rates in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic and non-pandemic periods, revealing some unexpected results. The findings showed that in 2020, compared to males, the elderly, rural residents, and multiple-person household residents, females, younger populations, urban residents, and one-person household residents experienced an increase in suicide mortality rates.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
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Environmental Sciences
Tomosuke Nakano et al.
Summary: The study found through forward multiple regression analysis that different suicide motives have different effects on regional suicide prevention programs, and there are certain differences in the support received by males and females in terms of suicide motives and programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
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Neurosciences
Lucy Foulkes et al.
Summary: Lockdowns and school closures impact adolescents' social interactions, with the quality of existing peer relationships moderating the effects on adolescent mental health positively and negatively. Individual differences play a significant role in these impacts.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Takashi Shiroyama et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between regional government expenditure and suicide mortality across the 47 prefectures in Japan from 2009 to 2018. It found that expenditures in public health, police, ambulance/fire services, welfare, and education were associated with reductions in suicide mortality, while expenditures in public works showed a potential increase in suicide rates or no effect. Welfare expenditure was the most effective, with child and social welfare expenditures reducing suicide rates, but surprisingly, elderly welfare expenditure was linked to higher suicide mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Misaki Nakamoto et al.
Summary: The study found that the dual-income household rate has a negative impact on suicide mortality rate among working-age females, but a positive impact on elderly females; it has a positive impact on suicide mortality rate among working-age males and elderly males. The effects of dual-income household rate on suicide mortality rates differ between genders and different motives for suicide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
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Rajiv Tandon
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
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Toshiki Hasegawa et al.
Summary: This study examined the impact of regional suicide prevention programmes on the reduction of suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018. The findings showed a significant decrease in suicide mortalities using common methods such as hanging, charcoal-burning, and jumping. It also highlighted the importance of gender-specific approaches in implementing effective suicide prevention strategies.
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Jane Pirkis et al.
Summary: In most high-income and upper-middle-income countries, suicide numbers remained largely unchanged or decreased in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no evidence of a significant increase in suicide risk.
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