4.8 Article

Stabilized Li-S batteries with anti-solvent-tamed quasi-solid-state reaction

Journal

JOULE
Volume 7, Issue 9, Pages 2074-2091

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.013

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Structural reorganization of sparingly solvating electrolytes (SSEs) using aromatic anti-solvents is crucial for taming the quasi-solid-state sulfur reaction and improving reaction kinetics. The use of aromatic anti-solvents disrupts the electrolyte structure, accelerates sulfur consumption and re-formation, and promotes the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal.
The transition from dissolution-precipitation to quasi-solid-state sulfur reaction promises restricted polysulfide shuttle and lean electrolyte operation of Li-S batteries but incurs poor reaction kinetics. We here demonstrate that structural reorganization of sparingly solvating electrolytes (SSEs)-which is uniquely afforded by using low-density and low-cost aromatic anti-solvents-is vital for taming the quasi-solid-state sulfur reaction. Aromatic anti-solvents disrupt the interconnected structure of concentrated tetrahydrofuran (THF) electrolyte, uniquely creating subdomains that act to dissolve elemental sulfur, thus accelerating its consumption and re-formation while maintaining ultralow polysulfides solubility. The altered subdomains further result in robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal. As a result, the Li-S cell with a 3 mg(sulfur) cm(-2) sulfur cathode can cycle steadily for similar to 160 cycles with a lean electrolyte of 5 mu L mg(sulfur)(-1). Our work provides new insights into fine-tuning the electrolyte microstructure through solvent innovations for developing sulfur-based batteries that are high energy, cheap, and durable.

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