Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages 1005-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3850
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1310138]
- US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
- Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0006671]
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Microsoft Research
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1310138] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The collective interaction of electrons with light in a high-quality-factor cavity is expected to reveal new quantum phenomena(1-7) and find applications in quantum-enabled technologies(8,9). However, combining a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high quality-factor has proved difficult(10-13). Here, we achieved these conditions simultaneously in a two-dimensional electron gas in a high-quality-factor terahertz cavity in a magnetic field. The vacuum Rabi splitting of cyclotron resonance exhibited a square-root dependence on the electron density, evidencing collective interaction. This splitting extended even where the detuning is larger than the resonance frequency. Furthermore, we observed a peak shift due to the normally negligible diamagnetic term in the Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-quality_factor cavity suppressed superradiant cyclotron resonance decay, revealing a narrow intrinsic linewidth of 5.6 GHz. High-quality-factor terahertz cavities will enable new experiments bridging the traditional disciplines of condensed-matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.
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