Effect of Impaired B-Cell and CTL Functions on HIV-1 Dynamics

This paper formulates and analyzes two mathematical models that describe the within-host dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with impairment of both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and B cells. Both viral transmission (VT) and cellular infection (CT) mechanisms are considered. The second model is a generalization of the first model that includes distributed time delays. For the two models, we establish the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, find the basic reproductive numbers, determine all possible steady states and establish the global asymptotic stability properties of all steady states by means of the Lyapunov method. We confirm the theoretical results by conducting numerical simulations. We conduct a sensitivity analysis to show the effect of the values of the parameters on the basic reproductive number. We discuss the results, showing that impaired B cells and CTLs, time delay and latent CT have significant effects on the HIV-1 dynamics.

Automated summary

This paper formulates and analyzes two mathematical models to describe the within-host dynamics of HIV-1, considering the impairment of both CTLs and B cells. The authors establish the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, determine the basic reproductive numbers, and analyze the stability properties of steady states. The results confirm the theoretical findings and show the significant effects of impaired immune cells, time delay, and latent infection on HIV-1 dynamics.