Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages 745-750Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.201
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Funding
- Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0012376]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0012376] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses with a narrow energy bandwidth and unprecedented brightness. Ultrafast physical and chemical dynamics, initiated with a site-specific X-ray pulse, can be explored using XFELs with a second ultrashort X-ray probe pulse. However, existing double-pulse schemes are complicated, difficult to customize or provide only low-intensity pulses. Here we present the novel fresh-slice technique for multicolour pulse production, wherein different temporal slices of an electron bunch lase to saturation in separate undulator sections. This method combines electron bunch tailoring from a passive wakefield device with trajectory control to provide multicolour pulses. The fresh-slice scheme outperforms existing techniques at soft X-ray wavelengths. It produces femtosecond pulses with a power of tens of gigawatts and flexible colour separation. The pulse delay can be varied from temporal overlap to almost one picosecond. We also demonstrate the first three-colour XFEL and variably polarized two-colour pulses.
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