Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Olive Leaf Extract Microcapsules on MCF-7 and A549 Cancer Cells

Alginate microcapsules are a talented means for the deliveryofbroad curative biomacromolecules. In this study, we immobilized oliveleaf extract (OLE) by calcium alginate (CA) and chitosan-coated CA(CCA) and characterized the OLE-loaded CA and CCA. The cytotoxic effect,the cell cycle arrest, and the apoptotic effect of OLE and its microcapsuleswere investigated against breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and lung carcinoma(A549). As a result, the loading capacity of OLE-CA and OLE-CCAwas found to be 80 and 99%, respectively, in optimal conditions. Also,OLE-CA and OLE-CCA were characterized by unique FTIRpeaks and morphological display relative to the empty CCA microcapsules.The cytotoxicity analysis showed that the IC50 values ofOLE-CA and OLE-CCA were determined to be 312 and 0.94 & mu;g mL(-1) against A549, respectively, whereasthese were found to be 865.4 and 425.5 & mu;g mL(-1) for MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, the OLE microcapsules did notpossess in any concentration of cytotoxic influence on the BEAS 2Bhealthy cell line. Also, the exposure of OLE-CCA to MCF-7 andA549 resulted in the arrest of more MCF-7 and A549 cells at the G0/G1phase compared to the OLE. A549 and MCF-7 cells were predominantlyfound in the late apoptosis phase and necrosis phase, respectively.Optical microscopy images confirmed that OLE microcapsules were moreeffective against MCF-7 and A549 than free OLE. The present work suggestedthat the OLE microcapsules might be administered as nutrition supplementsfor cancer therapy.

Automated summary

Alginate microcapsules loaded with olive leaf extract (OLE) were immobilized using calcium alginate (CA) and chitosan-coated CA (CCA) in this study. The loading capacity of OLE-CA and OLE-CCA was found to be 80% and 99%, respectively. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that OLE-CA and OLE-CCA exhibited higher cytotoxic effects against A549 and MCF-7 cells compared to free OLE. Optical microscopy images confirmed the greater effectiveness of OLE microcapsules against these cancer cells.