Interference Effects of Commercial Persistent Luminescence Materials on Rice Germination and Seedling Growth

Persistent luminescence materials (PLMs) are widely used across a multitude of fields due to their distinct optical properties. However, like other micron-sized materials such as microplastics, the production and recycling processes of PLMs can lead to their accumulation in soil and water, potentially posing detrimental effects on plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the impact of commercially available blue PLM (bPLM), green PLM (gPLM), and red PLM (rPLM) on germination, seedling growth, and oxidative stress responses in rice. Our findings demonstrate that the morphology and size of PLMs do not significantly differ in their effects on rice growth. All three types of PLMs significantly inhibited root length and stem length, disrupted root cell structures, and decreased seedling biomass. Interestingly, gPLM and bPLM were found to stimulate the synthesis of osmolytes and chlorophyll in rice, while rPLM had the opposite effect. Changes in the antioxidant enzyme system in rice clearly indicated that the three types of PLMs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in rice. This study enhances our understanding of the potential environmental impacts of PLMs, offering valuable insights for the safe and responsible use of these materials in various applications.

Automated summary

This study investigates the impact of commercially available blue, green, and red persistent luminescence materials (PLMs) on rice germination, seedling growth, and oxidative stress responses. The results show that the morphology and size of PLMs do not significantly differ in their effects on rice growth, but all three types of PLMs significantly inhibit root and stem length, disrupt root cell structures, and decrease seedling biomass. Furthermore, the study indicates that green and blue PLMs stimulate osmolyte and chlorophyll synthesis in rice, while red PLM has the opposite effect, and all three types of PLMs induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in rice.