4.6 Article

Automated evaluation of retinal hyperreflective foci changes in diabetic macular edema patients before and after intravitreal injection

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1280714

Keywords

diabetic macular edema; hyperreflective foci; optical coherence tomography; artificial intelligence; deep learning

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In this study, a new automated framework driven by deep learning was introduced to extract three-dimensional parameters from retinal OCT images for quantification of retinal HRF in DME patients. The results revealed significant differences in the amount and volume of HRF subtypes and showed that the distance between HRF and retinal pigmented epithelium decreased after treatment. The improvement in central macular thickness was positively correlated with the distance from HRF subtypes to the fovea.
Purpose: Fast and automated reconstruction of retinal hyperreflective foci (HRF) is of great importance for many eye-related disease understanding. In this paper, we introduced a new automated framework, driven by recent advances in deep learning to automatically extract 12 three-dimensional parameters from the segmented hyperreflective foci in optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: Unlike traditional convolutional neural networks, which struggle with long-range feature correlations, we introduce a spatial and channel attention module within the bottleneck layer, integrated into the nnU-Net architecture. Spatial Attention Block aggregates features across spatial locations to capture related features, while Channel Attention Block heightens channel feature contrasts. The proposed model was trained and tested on 162 retinal OCT volumes of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), yielding robust segmentation outcomes. We further investigate HRF's potential as a biomarker of DME.Results: Results unveil notable discrepancies in the amount and volume of HRF subtypes. In the whole retinal layer (WR), the mean distance from HRF to the retinal pigmented epithelium was significantly reduced after treatment. In WR, the improvement in central macular thickness resulting from intravitreal injection treatment was positively correlated with the mean distance from HRF subtypes to the fovea.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the applicability of OCT for automated quantification of retinal HRF in DME patients, offering an objective, quantitative approach for clinical and research applications.

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