Biotic and abiotic insights into the storage of food waste and its effect on biohydrogen and methane production potential

The present study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological changes occurring during the storage of simulated restaurant food waste (FW) and how such changes affected its biohydrogen and biogas production potential. FW was stored for 72 h in a closed atmosphere under two different scenarios: i) without and ii) with inoculation of a mixed microbial culture harboring lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Both storage scenarios resulted in similar biotic and abiotic changes in FW. Particularly, FW was pre-acidified and pre-hydrolyzed to some extent during the storage, resulting in a feedstock enriched in LAB (approximate to 95 % total relative abundance) and lactate (10.5-12.3 g/L, 87.0-90.5 % selectivity). Biochemical hydrogen potential tests revealed that the use of stored FW resulted in similar or even higher hydrogen production efficiencies compared to that of non-stored FW, achieving up to 60 NmL H2/g VS added and a maximum volumetric hydrogen production rate of 9.7 NL H2/L-d. Meta-bolically, the conversion of lactate into hydrogen was crucial regardless of the use of non-stored or stored FW, albeit the presence of fermentable carbohydrates in the substrate was also essential either to produce lactate or to co-produce extra hydrogen. On the contrary, biochemical methane potential tests showed that the biogas pro-duction potential of FW was not affected by storage, yielding on average 400 NmL CH4/g VS added and revealing that lactate oxidation to methane precursors represented an important step in FW biomethanization.

Automated summary

The study examined the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties of stored simulated restaurant food waste (FW) and their impact on biohydrogen and biogas production. The storage of FW led to similar changes regardless of inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), resulting in an LAB-enriched feedstock with high lactate content. The use of stored FW showed comparable or higher hydrogen production efficiency compared to non-stored FW, while biogas production potential remained unaffected by storage, indicating the importance of lactate oxidation in FW biomethanization.