Nonlinear receding-horizon filter approximation with neural networks for fast state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries

An important component of electric vehicles is the Battery Management System (BMS), whose main objective is to monitor the state of charge (SoC) of the battery, which can significantly impact the vehicle's autonomy. The SoC may be estimated using filtering algorithms; in this context, higher accuracy and computational complexity are of great importance. The present paper aims to propose receding-horizon strategies, namely Moving-Horizon State Estimation (MHSE) and Neural Network Moving-Horizon Estimation (NNMHE), for SoC estimation. MHSE is based on a constrained optimization problem, with information of measured samples along a larger observation window, which ensures high accuracy and robustness but requires a better processing capacity. Simulated results are obtained through this method, and it is demonstrated its capacity to jointly estimate the states and the unknown lumped parameters of the battery model using an augmented states formulation. The accuracy of MHSE in the process is high enough that its results may be used for training the NNMHE, so that a machine learning-based solution, with reduced processing time, is found. In this proposed method, a Neural Network is used to emulate the optimization problem solver, by which faster and approximate results are obtained. This approach is evaluated with an experimental dataset, achieving a coefficient of determination of almost 99% and about 20 times faster, which proves that it is effective and can be readily employed in an embedded systems application requiring less computational resources.

Automated summary

An important component of electric vehicles is the Battery Management System (BMS), which is responsible for monitoring the state of charge (SoC) of the battery, a crucial factor in the vehicle's autonomy. This paper proposes the use of receding-horizon strategies, specifically Moving-Horizon State Estimation (MHSE) and Neural Network Moving-Horizon Estimation (NNMHE), for accurate SoC estimation. MHSE utilizes a constrained optimization problem with a larger observation window, while NNMHE employs a neural network to emulate the optimization solver, resulting in faster and approximate results. The effectiveness of this approach is validated with experimental data, achieving a coefficient of determination of almost 99% and a processing time reduction of about 20 times, making it suitable for embedded systems with limited computational resources.