Distributed energy trading for electric vehicle charging stations equipped with distributed PV considering transportation network

As distributed renewable energy (DRE) generation technologies advance and transportation electrification deepens, electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) equipped with DRE will quickly proliferate in the near future. This paper, thus, proposes a distributed energy trading framework for EVCSs equipped with distributed photovoltaic (PV) system considering transportation network (TN). The framework contains the electric vehicle allocation problem (EAP) in TN and the distributed energy trading (DET) problem among EVCSs. The target of EAP is minimizing the whole time cost of TN. Therefore, the EV quantities in each EVCS can be obtained after solving the EAP problem by introducing the time cost coefficient. As for DET, this paper develops a distributed trading method among EVCSs derived from the Nash bargaining (NB) theory. The method considers not only the benefit of each participant itself, but also the fair distribution of the mutual profits among the participants at the same time. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness and viability of the mentioned framework and models. The numerical results show that the EAP model can reasonably allocate the electric vehicles (EVs) that need to be charged. The operating profits of each EVCS can be significantly promoted by the DET among EVCSs. In addition, the proposed distributed solution methodology can efficiently address DET problems and protect the business privacy of participants. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This paper proposes a distributed energy trading framework considering transportation network for electric vehicle charging stations equipped with distributed photovoltaic system. The framework addresses the electric vehicle allocation problem in the transportation network and the distributed energy trading problem among the charging stations. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness and viability of the framework and models.