4.6 Article

Streptococcal Arginine Deiminase Inhibits T Lymphocyte Differentiation In Vitro

Journal

MICROORGANISMS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102585

Keywords

memory T cells; proliferation; differentiation; autophagy; arginine; Streptococcus pyogenes; arginine deiminase

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In this study, the impact and mechanism of streptococcal arginine deiminase (ADI) on the function of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were investigated. The results showed that ADI decreased arginine concentration, suppressed immune cell activity and altered cell differentiation state, as well as inhibited autophagy processes.
Pathogenic microbes use arginine-metabolizing enzymes as an immune evasion strategy. In this study, the impact of streptococcal arginine deiminase (ADI) on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes function in vitro was studied. The comparison of the effects of parental strain (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16) with wild type of ArcA gene and its isogenic mutant with inactivated ArcA gene (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16delArcA) was carried out. It was found that ADI in parental strain SDSC composition resulted in a fivefold decrease in the arginine concentration in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants. Only parental strain SDSCs suppressed anti-CD2/CD3/CD28-bead-stimulated mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and caused a twofold decrease in IL-2 production in PBMC. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ADI decreased the percentage of CM (central memory) and increased the proportion of TEMRA (terminally differentiated effector memory) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets. Enzyme activity inhibited the proliferation of all CD8+ T cell subsets as well as CM, EM (effector memory), and TEMRA CD4+ T cells. One of the prominent ADI effects was the inhibition of autophagy processes in CD8+ CM and EM as well as CD4+ CM, EM, and TEMRA T cell subsets. The data obtained confirm arginine's crucial role in controlling immune reactions and suggest that streptococcal ADI may downregulate adaptive immunity and immunological memory.

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