Journal
NATURE GENETICS
Volume 48, Issue 9, Pages 1024-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/ng.3612
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Funding
- Scottish Government Research Program
- European Union Framework Programme 7 WHEALBI project
- CGIAR Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) program
- BBSRC [BB/I00663X/1]
- German Science Foundation (DFG) [KI1465/6-1, SPP1530]
- BMBF TRITEX [0315954]
- US Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) as part of the Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project (TCAP) [2011-68002-30029]
- Universities of the State of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
- Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Wurttemberg
- BBSRC [BB/I022198/1, BB/I00663X/1, BB/M018466/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I00663X/1, BB/I022198/1, BB/M018466/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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After domestication, during a process of widespread range extension, barley adapted to a broad spectrum of agricultural environments. To explore how the barley genome responded to the environmental challenges it encountered, we sequenced the exomes of a collection of 267 georeferenced landraces and wild accessions. A combination of genome-wide analyses showed that patterns of variation have been strongly shaped by geography and that variant-by-environment associations for individual genes are prominent in our data set. We observed significant correlations of days to heading (flowering) and height with seasonal temperature and dryness variables in common garden experiments, suggesting that these traits were major drivers of environmental adaptation in the sampled germplasm. A detailed analysis of known flowering-associated genes showed that many contain extensive sequence variation and that patterns of single-and multiple-gene haplotypes exhibit strong geographical structuring. This variation appears to have substantially contributed to range-wide ecogeographical adaptation, but many factors key to regional success remain unidentified.
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