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COVID-19 and Male Infertility: Is There a Role for Antioxidants?

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The effect of N-acetyl cysteine consumption on men with abnormal sperm parameters due to positive history of COVID-19 in the last three months

Bahare Rafiee et al.

Summary: Male infertility accounts for 40-50% of infertility cases and COVID-19 may have negative effects on male fertility. NAC supplementation can improve sperm quality in men with impaired semen analysis due to COVID-19 infection.

ARCHIVIO ITALIANO DI UROLOGIA E ANDROLOGIA (2021)

Article Andrology

Impaired semen parameters in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

Yasar Pazir et al.

Summary: In this prospective study, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection had a significant impact on semen parameters in men who had recently recovered from mild COVID-19, especially leading to a decrease in sperm motility and total motile sperm count.

ANDROLOGIA (2021)

Article Andrology

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen samples of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Baris Saylam et al.

Summary: Some COVID-19 patients may have detectable SARS-CoV-2 in their urine and semen samples, with those with severe clinical conditions and high viral load more likely to test positive in urogenital fluids.

ANDROLOGIA (2021)

Review Andrology

Absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19 infection: An exploratory study and review of literature

Aditya Prakash Sharma et al.

Summary: The study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen samples of men recovering from COVID-19 and found that the virus was not detected in any of the samples. The systematic literature review also supported the conclusion that SARS-CoV-2 is not found in the semen of patients recovering from COVID-19.

ANDROLOGIA (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19 disrupts spermatogenesis through the oxidative stress pathway following induction of apoptosis

Negin Moghimi et al.

Summary: Evaluation of apoptosis within the testes of COVID-19 deceased patients revealed significant structural and cellular changes, leading to impaired spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress pathway may be involved in inducing apoptosis in COVID-19 infection.

APOPTOSIS (2021)

Review Urology & Nephrology

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2021 Update on Male Infertility

Suks Minhas et al.

Summary: The latest guidelines from the European Association of Urology recommend comprehensive urological evaluation for infertile men to identify and treat modifiable causes of infertility, as well as to monitor their risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the routine use of some treatments and surgical interventions in clinical practice.

EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Role of testosterone in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A key pathogenic factor and a biomarker for severe pneumonia

Marta Camici et al.

Summary: The study found that male patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly lower testosterone levels compared to those with mild COVID-19. Low testosterone levels were correlated with hyperinflammatory syndrome and longer hospital stays.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Sperm Parameters Before and After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Daniel C. Gonzalez et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

The relationship of plasma antioxidant levels to semen parameters: the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial

Jennifer F. Knudtson et al.

Summary: In the USA, among men attending fertility centers with sufficient plasma antioxidant levels of zinc, selenium, or vitamin E, no association was observed between vitamins and semen parameters or clinical outcomes in couples with male infertility. Higher levels of antioxidants among men with circulating antioxidants in the normal range do not appear to confer benefit on semen parameters or male fertility.

JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation on Spermatogram and endocrine factors in asthenozoospermia infertile men: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Leila Maghsoumi-Norouzabad et al.

Summary: Vitamin D3 supplementation had no significant effects on body weight, BMI, WC, BF, serum OCN, LH, FSH, T, E2, SHBG, PRO, T/E2 ratio, FAI, semen volume, sperm count, and normal sperm morphology in infertile men with asthenozoospermia. However, it increased serum 25(OH)VD3, PTH, and phosphorus levels, as well as seminal and serum calcium concentrations, T/LH ratio, total and progressive sperm motility, while significantly decreasing compared to baseline and placebo group.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Coenzyme Q10 and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review

Gianmaria Salvio et al.

Summary: Infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide, with male factor being involved in 50% of cases. Research shows a strong association between oxidative stress and poor seminal fluid quality in male infertility, making antioxidants, such as CoQ10, an important part of treatment. Studies have shown beneficial effects of CoQ10 supplementation on semen parameters, but further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and combination with other antioxidants.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Operated or Non-Operated Varicocele-Associated Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nikolaos Pyrgidis et al.

Summary: This study reviewed 14 studies and found that antioxidant supplementation did not significantly improve fertility and semen parameters in patients with varicocele-associated infertility, with contradictory results reported. Most included studies raised methodological concerns, leading to the inability to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in this setting, highlighting the need for further research in the field.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of L-Carnitine/L-Acetyl-Carnitine or N-Acetyl-Cysteine in Men With Idiopathic Asthenozoospermia

Guangzhu Wei et al.

Summary: The meta-analysis showed that L-carnitine/L-acetyl-carnitine (LC/LAC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) significantly improved sperm motility and normal morphology in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. NAC had a greater effect on sperm concentration and ejaculate volume, while no significant impact on serum hormones was observed.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH (2021)

Article Developmental Biology

Effects of moderate COVID-19 infection on semen oxidative status and parameters 14 and 120 days after diagnosis

Fatemeh Mohanazadeh Falahieh et al.

Summary: The study shows that the deleterious effects of COVID-19 on sperm properties caused by oxidative stress decrease up to Day 120 after diagnosis, with improvements in parameters like sperm motility and DNA integrity.

REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Does COVID-19 Worsen the Semen Parameters? Early Results of a Tertiary Healthcare Center

Erdem Koc et al.

Summary: COVID-19 may have unfavorable effects on the gonadal functions and semen parameters, leading to a decline in sperm quality and sex hormone levels in infertile men.

UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS (2021)

Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

Antioxidant trials-the need to test for stress

Robert John Aitken

HUMAN REPRODUCTION OPEN (2021)

Article Andrology

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Semen and Effect on Total Sperm Number: A Prospective Observational Study

Jordan C. Best et al.

Summary: The study investigated the presence of viral RNA in semen and its impact on semen parameters in men with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lower the total sperm number in ejaculate in the acute setting, but the virus was not detected in semen samples from recovered men. Further evaluation is needed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 can affect long-term spermatogenic function.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adverse Events Reported From COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: A Systematic Review

Rimple Jeet Kaur et al.

Summary: This study systematically reviewed the safety data from published COVID-19 vaccine trials, indicating that most reactions were mild to moderate, while a few were severe, and all reactions resolved within 3-4 days. COVID-19 vaccines may be safe, but long-term post-marketing surveillance in high-risk vulnerable populations is needed.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Semen-Cohort Study in the United States COVID-19 Positive Patients

Bruno Machado et al.

Summary: Research has shown that even in a small sample, the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in human semen, highlighting the need for the scientific community and public health officials to be aware of potential new transmission routes and long-term clinical effects on the population.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

W. Guan et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Letter Nutrition & Dietetics

Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China

Jinsong Zhang et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2020)

Article Pathology

COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA

Lisa M. Barton et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2020)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection

Livan Delgado-Roche et al.

ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2020)

Letter Reproductive Biology

Absence of 2019 novel coronavirus in semen and testes of COVID-19 patients

Ci Song et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

Alexandra C. Walls et al.

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID-19 disease severity

Carlos Gustavo Wambier et al.

DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study

Nora Holtmann et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2020)

Article Immunology

Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity

Weilie Chen et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Article Dermatology

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated

Carlos Gustavo Wambier et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death

Rachel E. Jordan et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

Jian Shang et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality

Jian-Min Jin et al.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause sperm DNA fragmentation? Possible link with oxidative stress

Pallav Sengupta et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTRACEPTION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE (2020)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Autopsy of COVID-19 patients in China

Xiu-Wu Bian

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2020)

Article Immunology

No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Seminal Shedding Despite SARS-CoV-2 Persistence in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Stephen A. Rawlings et al.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Cell Biology

The ACE2 expression in Sertoli cells and germ cells may cause male reproductive disorder after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Qiaoyan Shen et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Diangeng Li et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen of Patients in the Acute Stage of COVID-19 Infection

Bircan Kayaaslan et al.

UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS (2020)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

HOW COVID-19 CAN DAMAGE THE BRAIN

Michael Marshall

NATURE (2020)

Editorial Material Andrology

The testis in patients with COVID-19: virus reservoir or immunization resource?

Federica Barbagallo et al.

TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY (2020)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Pathological Findings in the Testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications

Ming Yang et al.

EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS (2020)

Review Physiology

Coronavirus Disease-19 Infection: Implications on Male Fertility and Reproduction

Annalisa Navarra et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impaired spermatogenesis in COVID-19 patients

Honggang Li et al.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2020)

Article Reproductive Biology

L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility

Shen Chuen Khaw et al.

REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men

Nur-Vaizura Mohamad et al.

AGING MALE (2019)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation on sperm quality, chromatin integrity and level of oxidative stress in infertile men

Rahil Jannatifar et al.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: An updated review of literature

Hillary Wagner et al.

ARAB JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2018)

Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility

Ashok Agarwal et al.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2014)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Antioxidants to reduce sperm DNA fragmentation:: an unexpected adverse effect

Yves J. R. Menezo et al.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2007)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

A randomised control trial examining the effect of an antioxidant (Menevit) on pregnancy outcome during IVF-ICSI treatment

Kelton Tremellen et al.

AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY (2007)

Article Reproductive Biology

Orchitis: A complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

J Xu et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The effects of combined conventional treatment, oral antioxidants and essential fatty acids on sperm biology in subfertile men

FH Comhaire et al.

PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS (2000)