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Summary: This study reports the interim safety and immunogenicity findings of the ERUCoV-VAC vaccine. The results show that the vaccine has an acceptable safety profile, with common adverse events including pain at the injection site and headache. Additionally, the vaccine induces a high level of neutralizing antibody responses, with seroconversion rates exceeding 95%.
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Elif B. Uysal et al.
Summary: This study explored the relationship between post-vaccination antibody levels and factors such as age, gender, smoking, and BMI in individuals who received the CoronaVac vaccine. Results showed that almost all participants developed antibodies after vaccination, but the antibody levels varied depending on factors like smoking and BMI.
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Gang Zeng et al.
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Nick Andrews et al.
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Baoqi Zeng et al.
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). The results showed that full vaccination was highly effective against the Alpha variant and moderately effective against the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants. Booster vaccination was more effective against the Delta and Omicron variants. mRNA vaccines appeared to have higher effectiveness against the VOC compared to other vaccines.
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Gili Regev-Yochay et al.
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Yannic C. Bartsch et al.
Summary: Despite evading neutralizing antibodies, the Omicron variant does not increase death rates in highly vaccinated populations, suggesting the presence of immune mechanisms beyond antibody-mediated virus neutralization. Vaccine-induced Spike protein-specific antibodies continue to drive Fc effector functions, indicating the potential of extraneutralizing antibodies in disease control.
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Wing Ying Au et al.
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Clement R. Massonnaud et al.
Summary: This study used a compartmental model to analyze the impact of different primary and booster vaccination strategies on COVID-19. The results showed that prioritizing primary vaccinations was more effective than prioritizing boosters. The effectiveness of booster strategies targeting different age groups varied based on immunity and virus transmissibility levels. Increasing primary vaccination coverage should remain a priority, and boosting the immunity of younger adults may be the most effective strategy in certain scenarios.
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Oliver J. Watson et al.
Summary: A study quantified the global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination programs, finding that the vaccination has substantially altered the course of the pandemic, saving tens of millions of lives globally. However, inadequate access to vaccines in low-income countries has limited the impact, reinforcing the need for global vaccine equity and coverage.
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Krishna Mohan Vadrevu et al.
Summary: This comprehensive report examines the immunogenicity of the COVAXIN(R) booster dose against ancestral and variants of concern (VOCs) for up to 12 months. The study found that despite a decline in antibody levels, there was persistence of humoral and cell-mediated immunity up to 12 months after vaccination. Administration of a third dose of BBV152 increased neutralization titers and B cell memory responses. The results suggest that the booster dose of BBV152 is safe and necessary to prevent breakthrough infections caused by emerging variants of COVID-19.
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Ramandip Grewal et al.
Summary: This study estimated the marginal effectiveness of a fourth dose compared to a third dose of mRNA covid-19 vaccines and the vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against the omicron variant. The results showed that a fourth dose improved protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness increased with each additional dose.
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Meliha Cagla Sonmezer et al.
Summary: Vaccines, such as CoronaVac and BNT162b2, have shown effectiveness in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 cases. The third dose of these vaccines can provide further protection against severe COVID-19. It is important to prioritize the administration of third-dose boosters as an effective strategy in combating the pandemic.
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Ahmet Omma et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac and TURKOVAC vaccines used as a booster dose after CoronaVac primary vaccination. The results showed that neutralizing antibody titers decrease over time after two doses of CoronaVac vaccine. However, the booster dose of either CoronaVac or TURKOVAC rapidly increased neutralizing antibody titers, with similar effects against the Wuhan variant and more antibodies developed against the Delta variant with TURKOVAC.
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Yajuan Zhu et al.
Summary: This paper summarizes the findings of studies on the effectiveness of booster vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The results show a significant reduction in infection rates among individuals who received booster shots, particularly during the dominance of the Delta and Omicron variants.
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Alireza Abdollahi et al.
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Daniel R. Feikin et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.
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Oliver J. Watson et al.
Summary: The study estimated that COVID-19 vaccination has prevented millions of deaths globally between December 8, 2020, and December 8, 2021. Achieving the vaccination coverage targets set by COVAX and WHO could have prevented even more deaths. However, limited access to vaccines in low-income countries has hindered the impact, highlighting the importance of global vaccine equity.
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Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
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Summary: This study investigated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate CoronaVac, and found that the 3 μg dose showed higher seroconversion rates in the phase 2 trial.
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Shaikh Terkis Islam Pavel et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated that ERUCoV-VAC exhibited high immunogenicity, strong immune response, and protective efficacy in mouse and ferret models. The vaccine has been authorized by the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency and has entered phase 3 clinical development (NCT04942405).
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Nawal Al Kaabi et al.
Summary: This interim analysis of an ongoing randomized trial in the UAE and Bahrain evaluated the efficacy of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic cases and adverse events in healthy adults. The study found that both vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 compared to the control group, with efficacy rates of 72.8% and 78.1%. Serious adverse events were rare across all groups.
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Mine Durusu Tanriover et al.
Summary: The study presented the interim efficacy and safety results of the CoronaVac vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial in Turkey, demonstrating high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with good safety and tolerability profile. Results showed significant differences in the frequency of any adverse events between the vaccine and placebo groups, indicating excellent protective effects of the vaccine.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandro Jara et al.
Summary: A study in Chile involving 10.2 million participants assessed the effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed in China. Fully immunized individuals had vaccine effectiveness of 65.9% for preventing Covid-19 and 87.5% for preventing hospitalization, 90.3% for preventing ICU admission, and 86.3% for preventing death.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Immunology
Zhangkai Jason Cheng et al.
Summary: Research on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as influencing factors such as age, infection history, and virus variants, can help us better understand the vaccines' effects and recommend vaccination programs. Suggestions are made to address concerns raised by the shortened development cycle of vaccines and the immunity escape phenomenon of virus variants. Future prospects for vaccines are outlined based on the principle of ADE and experience with similar viruses.
Letter
Immunology
Lei Yue et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
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Immunology
Andrew J. Pollard et al.
Summary: Immunization is vital for public health policy and there are challenges ahead for immunologists in developing new vaccines. Although immunology has not contributed significantly to vaccine development so far, a better understanding of protective immunity is urgently needed to tackle difficult-to-target pathogens.
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