☆ 4.7 Review

Colorectal cancer and gut microbiota studies in China

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

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Microbial Community Heterogeneity Within Colorectal Neoplasia and its Correlation With Colorectal Carcinogenesis

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Summary: The study revealed that the microbial communities within colorectal neoplasia are heterogeneous, with variations in abundance of CRC-associated pathobionts playing a role in CRC development. Intra-neoplasia changes in microbial abundance were observed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Furthermore, significant differences in intra-neoplasia microbiota were found between biopsies with and without genetic alterations, highlighting the association of intratumoral microbial heterogeneity with genetic changes.

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Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients

Diwakar Davar et al.

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Dysbiosis of human gut microbiome in young-onset colorectal cancer

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Summary: The incidence of young-onset sporadic colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. Gut microbial diversity is increased in yCRC patients, and fecal microbial markers could be utilized for detection.

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Oral microbiota affects the efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy for colorectal cancer in mouse models

Jiali Dong et al.

Summary: The study reveals that alterations in the oral microbiota can impact the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy for CRC, with specific antibiotics potentially mitigating these effects. Furthermore, the oral microbiome, in conjunction with intestinal microbes, collectively influences the efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy for CRC.

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Long-Term Efficacy of Low-Intensity Single Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis and Outcome-Specific Gut Bacteria

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Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immunity

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Adjunctive Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 Administration Enhances the Effect of Anti-PD-1 Antitumor Therapy via Restoring Antibiotic-Disrupted Gut Microbiota

Guangqi Gao et al.

Summary: The study suggested that probiotic administration, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9, could enhance the efficacy and responsiveness of anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice by restoring antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiota. The probiotic treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improved microbiome diversity, and enriched functional metagenomes related to sugar degradation, vitamin, and amino acid synthesis pathways. This preclinical data supports the potential for probiotics as a microbe-based synergistic tumor therapeutic in future human clinical trials.

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The Relationship Between Gut Microbiome Features and Chemotherapy Response in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Ningning Li et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome of patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer differs significantly from healthy people. The abundance alteration of certain microbes could be a predictor of chemotherapy efficacy for gastrointestinal cancer patients.

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Expanding the Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers Based on the Human Gut Phageome

Siyuan Shen et al.

Summary: This study identified five potential intestinal bacteriophages as CRC biomarkers, demonstrating their high diagnostic value across different populations. The results from the validation cohort and cross-disease cohorts support the potential of these biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and gut phagotherapy.

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The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics

Seppo Salminen et al.

Summary: In 2019, ISAPP convened a panel of experts to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The panel defined postbiotics as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host. This definition aims to provide common ground for future activities in this area.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Inhibitory Effects of Breast Milk-Derived Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 on Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis by Restoration of the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model

Haiyan Xu et al.

Summary: The study found that the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 (Probio-M9) can suppress tumor formation in the large intestine by regulating the intestinal environment and ameliorating inflammation.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Microbial Characteristics of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy According to Pathologic Response

Qilin Fan et al.

Summary: The study revealed significant microbial differences between pCR and Non-pCR tissues from locally advanced rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, including microbial composition and functions. Additionally, there were significant differences in human disease-related genes between the two groups, providing new insights for precision treatment in the future.

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Fecal Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-Peptostreptococcus stomatis-Parvimonas micra Biomarker for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Laterally Spreading Tumor

Xiaonan Shen et al.

Summary: This study identified a microbial signature (ETBF-P. stomatis-P. micra) that can accurately diagnose LSTs, with P. stomatis showing strong diagnostic value. P. stomatis was also associated with adenoma recurrence after LST resection, indicating its potential as a predictive biomarker.

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Incidence, mortality, survival, risk factor and screening of colorectal cancer: A comparison among China, Europe, and northern America

Na Li et al.

Summary: This review examines the status and trends of CRC in China, Europe, and northern America, discussing preventive strategies and screening techniques. While some European and northern American countries have seen decreases in CRC incidence and mortality, China continues to experience increasing rates.

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Genetic and biological hallmarks of colorectal cancer

Jiexi Li et al.

Summary: Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common cancer in women, the fourth most common in men, and the fourth leading cause of cancer death globally. Incidence and mortality rates vary by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic blacks having the highest rates. In recent years, there has been a decline in the incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals over 50 years old.

GENES & DEVELOPMENT (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of microbial markers across populations in early detection of colorectal cancer

Yuanqi Wu et al.

Summary: The study identifies microbial markers associated with adenoma, aiding in early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) through integrated analysis of public fecal samples. Classification models constructed based on the markers show promising results in discriminating adenoma from control and CRC, with potential clinical implications in multi-population settings.

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The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Radiation-Induced Enteritis

Yongping Jian et al.

Summary: Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of radiation enteritis, affecting intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammatory responses. The correction of microbiome through probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics could be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced enteritis. The gut microbiota composition, particularly the decrease of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and increase of harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli, is closely related to the severity of radiation enteritis.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Alterations, Interactions, and Diagnostic Potential of Gut Bacteria and Viruses in Colorectal Cancer

Renyuan Gao et al.

Summary: The study identified specific changes in the gut microbiome associated with colorectal cancer, showing decreased microbial diversity and alterations in bacteria and virus composition. Virus dynamics were found to be more significant as the disease progressed, with distinct stage-dependent microbial interactions. Diagnostic tests based on bacteria performed better than viruses for CRC, highlighting the potential for using these findings in developing reliable CRC diagnostic panels.

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Regorafenib plus toripalimab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase Ib/II clinical trial and gut microbiome analysis

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Summary: This study demonstrates the efficacy of regorafenib plus toripalimab in treating colorectal cancer, as well as the response rates in specific patient populations and the occurrence of treatment-related adverse events. Patients with liver metastases show lower response rates, and those with higher abundance of Fusobacterium have shorter progression-free survival.

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Summary: The study suggests that poor diet quality is associated with an increased risk of early-onset distal and rectal adenomas with high malignant potential, while Western diet is positively associated with high-risk adenomas and prudent diet, DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010 are inversely associated with high-risk adenomas.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through miR-1322/CCL20 axis and M2 polarization

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Summary: In this study, it was found that F. nucleatum plays a crucial role in promoting CRC metastasis by activating CCL20 and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, the regulatory micro-RNA miR-1322 was identified to be involved in this process by regulating CCL20.

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Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer

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A novel faecal Lachnoclostridium marker for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer

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Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota

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Southern Chinese populations harbour non-nucleatum Fusobacteria possessing homologues of the colorectal cancer-associated FadA virulence factor

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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