Journal
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 1344-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01642-5
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Using the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset, researchers found that large-scale neuroimaging data are important for replicable brain-phenotype associations, which can be mitigated by preselection of individuals, and small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.
Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural basis of interindividual differences but the replicability of brain-phenotype associations remains largely unknown. We used the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset (N = 37,447) to examine associations with six variables related to physical and mental health: age, body mass index, intelligence, memory, neuroticism and alcohol consumption, and assessed the improvement of replicability for brain-phenotype associations with increasing sampling sizes. Age may require only 300 individuals to provide highly replicable associations but other phenotypes required 1,500 to 3,900 individuals. The required sample size showed a negative power law relation with the estimated effect size. When only comparing the upper and lower quarters, the minimally required sample sizes for imaging decreased by 15-75%. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain-phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings. Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors show that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain-phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.
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