Comparison of Telomere Length in Age-Matched Primiparous and Multiparous Brahman Cows

Simple Summary The productive longevity of cattle is a difficult trait to quantify, but it is believed to be influenced by genetic factors, which, in turn, may be influenced by environmental stressors. One potential biological marker for cow longevity is the length of the telomere (TL), which is the highly plastic nucleic sequence responsible for protecting the chromosomes' integrity. Stressors negatively affect the TL in many vertebrate species. Stressors are encountered in all segments of beef production, from breeding and calf production through the finishing phase. We assessed whether the number of parities, duration of labor, and raising a calf were related to the TL in age-matched Brahman females that were pregnant for the first or second time. The parity was negatively associated with peripheral blood leukocyte TL in Brahman cows. In addition to its appeal as a selection criterion for longevity, the TL may be an indicator of welfare due to its susceptibility to stress. The mechanisms subserving the bovine telomere dynamics between birth and culling (or survival) constitute a worthy topic for further exploration, particularly in consideration of stressors that are associated with a changing climate. Physiological and psychological stressors have been associated with the attrition of telomeres, which are the protective caps of chromosomes. This study compares the telomere length (TL) in 4-year-old Brahman cows grouped by the first parity (n = 8) and the second parity (n = 11). The cows were bled via jugular venipuncture, weighed, and had their body condition scores recorded at Day -28 prior to calving and at Day + 7 and Day + 28 post-calving. The duration of labor (Dlabor) and parturition ease were recorded. The peripheral leukocytes were isolated, the leukocyte blood count with differential was recorded, and the genomic DNA was extracted. The relative quantity of telomere products, which is proportional to the average TL, was determined via multiplex quantitative PCR using the ratio (T/S ratio) of bovine telomere and & beta;-globulin DNA. Standards of the bovine telomere (10(12)-10(7) dilution series) and & beta;-globulin (10(9)-10(4) dilution series) genes were utilized to produce relative copy numbers. The samples were assayed in triplicate and were included if the triplicate C-q difference was less than 0.25 cycles. The parity was the fixed effect, and the random effects included the sire and day repeated with the cow as the subject. Statistical significance was not observed in the leukocyte number or type (p > 0.1). A reduction in the TL of approximately 9225 telomeric copies was found between Parity 1 and Parity 2 (p = 0.02). A trend was found between the TL and Dlabor (p = 0.06). The stress of parturition and raising the first calf of a cow's life may be responsible for TL attenuation. Parity may be considered a stressor of cow longevity.

Automated summary

The length of the telomere (TL) in Brahman cows was found to be negatively associated with the number of parities and showed a trend with the duration of labor. The TL may serve as a potential indicator of cow longevity and welfare due to its susceptibility to stress. Further exploration into the mechanisms of telomere dynamics in cattle, especially under stressors associated with a changing climate, is warranted.