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Summary: This study found that patients with schizophrenia have retinal dysfunctions, which may be associated with a defect in dopamine transmission. The dysfunctions are characterized by reduced amplitudes in the central area of the retina and decreased oscillatory potentials.
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Summary: This study found that early encoding of a single item is intact in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, but information rapidly decays from working memory stores with extended delays. Accuracy further decreases when information is retrieved from working memory, suggesting that working memory stores may also be susceptible to disruption from internal stimuli.
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Summary: The study found volume changes in specific subregions of the hippocampus in relatives of schizophrenia patients, suggesting a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Additionally, differences in volume in another subregion between relatives and first-episode psychosis patients may reflect a schizophrenia risk unrelated to genetic vulnerability.
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Yuan Xiao et al.
Summary: The study identified distinct subgroups of schizophrenia patients based on structural brain features, representing important progress for studies of illness neurobiology and potential clinical trials. Using unsupervised cluster analysis, a stable classification pattern of three subgroups was found, with subgroup 1 in midcourse schizophrenia patients showing worse cognitive functions compared to subgroup 3.
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Peter E. Clayson et al.
Summary: Deficits in early auditory information processing contribute to cognitive and psychosocial disability. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the frequency following response (FFR), a potential biomarker of response to auditory-based cognitive training interventions, in schizophrenia patients. The results showed that schizophrenia patients had longer latencies and lower signal-to-noise ratios in most FFR peaks compared to healthy subjects. However, the FFR sustained response demonstrated excellent internal consistency and significant group differences, making it a viable measure for clinical treatment studies.
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Cinthia H. Higuchi et al.
Summary: This study aimed to compare different CFA methods in order to identify a dimensional PANSS CFA model with good psychometric properties. The results showed that the traditional CFA and Bayesian CFA produced poor fit models, but when a multilevel structure was added to the CFA model, a good fit model emerged. MIMIC modeling also revealed significant differences in the factor structure between clinical stages of schizophrenia. These findings highlight the importance of multilevel structure and staging models in improving the characterization of schizophrenia.
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Summary: This study assessed the factors associated with self-stigma in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of subjective medication side effects perception and their impact on internalized stigma.
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Jose A. Cortes-Briones et al.
Summary: Despite years of research, the mechanisms governing schizophrenia (SZ) remain elusive. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, provides a promising approach for modeling and analyzing the complexity of SZ. It has shown unprecedented accuracy in classification and prediction tasks, making it valuable for clinicians in the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of SZ. However, methodological concerns and the limited clinical value of some models should be taken into consideration.
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Pilar Salgado-Pineda et al.
Summary: The study examines the brain correlates of agency in schizophrenia using the enfacement illusion paradigm. It reveals decreased activation in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) in schizophrenia patients, which is associated with poorer insight.
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Summary: This article provides a conceptual history of modern early intervention services and briefly reviews the accomplishments of an international clinical and research community. It also offers proposals for how such services can participate in the next generation of progress, emphasizing the importance of bi-directional knowledge translation across basic, clinical, and policy domains.
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Sharon Weber et al.
Summary: This study aims to investigate the economic burden associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Through searching and analyzing relevant literature, it is found that there is a positive relationship between negative symptoms and healthcare costs and resource utilization in patients. It should be noted that the cost variation associated with negative symptoms is wide, depending on factors such as patient characteristics, included costs, and country of study.
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Lebogang Phahladira et al.
Summary: This study replicated the two-factor structure for PANSS negative symptom subdomains in schizophrenia and found that they are closely related and respond similarly to antipsychotic treatment. The experiential subdomain is affected by depression, while the expressive subdomain is affected by extrapyramidal symptoms.
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Miquel Bioque et al.
Summary: Relapses are common in the early years following a first episode of schizophrenia, and are associated with higher antipsychotic doses, polypharmacy, benzodiazepine use, side effects reports, psychological treatment, and cannabis consumption.
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Hilmar Klaus Luckhoff et al.
Summary: This study examined the associations of biological sex and gender role endorsement with indicators of neurodevelopmental compromise in patients with schizophrenia. The findings showed that lower masculinity scores were significantly correlated with poorer premorbid adjustment, sensory integration deficits, and worse overall cognitive performance. Gender, on the other hand, showed different associations with indicators of neurodevelopmental compromise compared to biological sex.
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Linda Scoriels et al.
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of auditory and visual neuroscience-informed cognitive training on emotion processing and social cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. Both auditory and visual training were effective at improving emotion processing and social cognition, with the auditory training group showing more remarkable improvement. The improvements were related to cognitive improvement, not symptom improvement.
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Giuseppe Carra et al.
Summary: Subjective well-being in people with schizophrenia is influenced by positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms have a greater impact on hedonic well-being, while negative symptoms are linked to eudaemonic well-being.
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Giulia M. Giordano et al.
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between the Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI) and measures of cognitive performance, functional capacity, and real-life functioning in a large sample of schizophrenia patients. The results showed that the CAI has good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency, and is a valid instrument for screening impairment in neurocognitive and social cognitive domains and its impact on functioning in schizophrenia patients.
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Nora Palomar-Ciria et al.
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Margo W. Menkes et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impaired impulsivity control in individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) and whether similar difficulties are present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). The results suggest that both BD and SZ patients have difficulties in discriminating emotional faces from neutral faces, which may contribute to difficulties in appropriate behavioral responding in social-affective contexts.
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John R. Kelly et al.
Summary: Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Precise regulation of neural circuitry development and microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling play crucial roles in cognitive and emotional functions. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to potential translational interventions in managing schizophrenia.
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Lauren T. Catalano et al.
Summary: The study found that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired sustained attention for both social and nonsocial stimuli, and their attention may not correspond with their behavior.
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Yutaro Shimomura et al.
Summary: Current guidelines and algorithms recommend increasing antipsychotic dose and switching to another antipsychotic, particularly clozapine, for treatment-resistant schizophrenia during the acute phase.
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Melissa C. Alle et al.
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Giulia Paris et al.
Summary: This network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of short-acting IM second-generation antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders presenting acute agitation. The results showed that ziprasidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and haloperidol were more effective than placebo in calming patients at 2 hours. Olanzapine was somewhat more efficacious than aripiprazole.
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Simon J. Hogerzeil et al.
Summary: Variability in estimates of schizophrenia incidence rates can be largely explained by differences in study design factors. Factors such as time frame for diagnosis and diagnostic quality have a significant impact on reported incidence rates. Understanding and controlling for these study design factors is important when comparing incidence rates between different populations.
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Vahe Khachadourian et al.
Summary: Studies have shown a link between advanced paternal age and the risk of schizophrenia in offspring, with potential mechanisms including paternal psychiatric morbidity and genetic liability, maternal factors, and findings from family design studies. Multiple mechanisms, including causal and non-causal pathways, contribute to the observed relationship between advanced paternal age and schizophrenia in offspring, highlighting the need for multi-disciplinary studies to unravel these complex and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms.
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Jari Tiihonen et al.
Summary: The molecular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia have remained unknown, but analysis of two different datasets revealed the significant roles of glutamate receptor signaling, hepatic fibrosis, and glycoprotein 6 (GP6) pathways. Additionally, genes such as ADCYAP1, ADAMTS, and CACNA were found to be involved in distinguishing patients from controls in both datasets.
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Barbara Iruretagoyena et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors of clinical response to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant psychosis. Results showed that older age at clozapine initiation, longer delay from schizophrenia diagnosis to clozapine initiation, and homelessness were associated with higher clozapine non-adherence. Starting clozapine treatment in younger patients or shortly after schizophrenia diagnosis was linked to better adherence.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
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Lucia Bulubas et al.
Summary: The study found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) did not effectively improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, and sham-tDCS performed better in some tests. This suggests that modifications to the tDCS treatment protocol may be needed to enhance its effects on cognition.
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Docia L. Demmin et al.
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Anne-Marie Gagne et al.
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Karin E. Borgmann-Winter et al.
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