Numerical Simulations of Metallic Ion Density Perturbations in Sporadic E Layers Caused by Gravity Waves

Tidal signatures in sporadic E (Es) layer have been confirmed by observations and simulations. However, the effect of gravity waves (GWs) on the Es layer formation process has not yet been fully understood. In this paper, the modulation of Es layers by GWs is examined through numerical simulations, in which a physics-based model of Es layer is forced by neutral winds from the High Altitude Mechanistic General Circulation Model that can resolve GWs with horizontal wavelengths longer than 156 km (?(h) > 156 km). Comparison of the simulation results with and without the GWs (1,350 km > ?(h) > 156 km) forcing reveals that the inclusion of GWs leads to short-period (1.2-3 hr) density perturbations in Es layers, which are also seen in ground-based ionosonde observations. At a given time, the metallic ion density at altitudes between 120 and 150 km can either increase (by up to similar to+600%) or reduce (by up to -90%) in response to GW forcing. The relative density perturbations are smaller (by up to 60%) between 90 and 120 km altitude. It is also found that the GW effect on the metallic ion density relates to the longitude, which is mostly explained by the geographical distribution of GWs activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. The longitudinal variation of the background geomagnetic field plays only a secondary role.

Automated summary

The modulation of sporadic E (Es) layers by gravity waves (GWs) is examined through numerical simulations in this paper. It is found that the inclusion of GWs leads to short-period density perturbations in Es layers, and the effect on metallic ion density varies with altitude and longitude. The geographical distribution of GWs activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region plays a primary role in the longitudinal variation of metallic ion density.