4.6 Review

Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Oncology

Coadministration of CD19-and CD22-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase II Trial

Tianyi Wang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of coadministration of CD19- and CD22-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in patients with refractory or relapsed B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The results showed that 99.0% of patients with refractory leukemia or hematologic relapse achieved complete remission, and all patients were negative for minimal residual disease. Consolidative transplantation and persistent B-cell aplasia at 6 months were associated with favorable outcomes. However, cytokine release syndrome and CAR T-cell neurotoxicity occurred in a minority of patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)

Editorial Material Oncology

GPRC5D as a novel immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma

Karthik Nath et al.

Summary: The development of immune-based therapies for multiple myeloma has rapidly expanded in recent years, with GPRC5D identified as a viable target. This article discusses the data and future perspectives on GPRC5D-directed CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies for patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)

Review Hematology

Targeting CD19 for diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the era of CARs: Other modes of transportation

David Sermer et al.

Summary: CD19 is widely present on B-lymphocytes and B-cell malignancies. CD19-directed CAR T cells have improved outcomes in B-cell malignancies, but there are limitations. CD19 can also be targeted by other drugs, but optimal patient selection and sequencing are not established. This review focuses on CD19 as a target for DLBCL treatment, discussing clinical trials of tafasitamab, loncastuximab tesirine, and blinatumo-mab, and the potential of re-challenging with anti-CD19 therapies post-CAR T cells.

BLOOD REVIEWS (2023)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Safety of AFM11 in the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies: findings from two phase 1 studies

Max Topp et al.

Summary: AFM11, a treatment for relapsed and/or refractory NHL or ALL, showed neurological adverse reactions in patients and limited activity in ALL patients but no activity in NHL patients, leading to the termination of further clinical development.

TRIALS (2023)

Review Pathology

International Consensus Classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

Amy S. Duffield et al.

Summary: The updated International Consensus Classification (ICC) of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) includes revisions to previous subtypes and new entities. The classification incorporates recent clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data, emphasizing whole transcriptome analysis and gene expression clustering studies. The new classification allows for improved risk stratification and optimized treatment plans for ALL patients.

VIRCHOWS ARCHIV (2023)

Article Hematology

Ponatinib and blinatumomab for Philadelphia chromosome- positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a US, single-centre, single-arm, phase 2 trial

Elias Jabbour et al.

Summary: In this study, the researchers evaluated the combination of ponatinib and blinatumomab as a chemotherapy-free treatment strategy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The results showed that this combination therapy achieved high rates of complete molecular response in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory disease.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2023)

Review Oncology

Experts' consensus on the definition and management of high risk multiple myeloma

Chiara Marcon et al.

Summary: This study conducted a survey to identify additional clinical and biological risk factors for high risk multiple myeloma (HRMM) and to evaluate if the management of multiple myeloma should change based on the risk category. The survey found a consensus regarding the inclusion of chromosome 1 abnormality, TP53 mutation or deletion, circulating plasma cells, and extramedullary plasmacytomas in the definition of HRMM. However, there was no consensus on the definition of double hit MM and the application of treatment strategies based on the risk category.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2023)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies in cancer

Niels W. C. J. van de Donk et al.

Summary: T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have shown significant activity in targeting various antigens in haematological malignancies. However, progress in solid tumors has been slower due to the lack of tumor-specific therapeutic targets and the frequent occurrence of cytokine release syndrome. Nevertheless, the recognition of a peptide fragment of gp100 in uveal melanoma patients has demonstrated marked activity.

LANCET (2023)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Strategies for clinical dose optimization of T cell-engaging therapies in oncology

Kathryn Ball et al.

Summary: Innovative approaches in the design of T cell-engaging molecules have brought promising immunotherapies for cancer treatment. The complex relationships between exposure, efficacy, and toxicity of these drugs make the design of optimal clinical dose regimens challenging. Various dosing strategies are being evaluated to mitigate key side effects. This review evaluates current approaches to dose optimization and explores opportunities for improvement.
Article Hematology

Mini-hyper-CVD plus inotuzumab ozogamicin, with or without blinatumomab, in the subgroup of older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: long-term results of an open-label phase 2 trial

Elias Jabbour et al.

Summary: This study investigated the long-term outcomes of inotuzumab ozogamicin with or without blinatumomab in combination with low-intensity chemotherapy in older patients with B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The results showed that this treatment regimen significantly improved progression-free survival in these patients. Further modifications to the chemotherapy regimen may improve tolerability while maintaining efficacy in older patients.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2023)

Review Oncology

Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Opportunities to Enhance Efficacy and Improve Safety

Dawn Swan et al.

Summary: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common cancer in adults in the Western world. Bispecific antibodies are a promising new treatment option that activate the patient's own T-cells to kill tumor cells. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and adverse effects pose challenges to the efficacy and safety of these therapies. Improving the activity and reducing the risk of side effects are important areas of focus.

CANCERS (2023)

Article Hematology

Risk of infections associated with the use of bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis

Farah Mazahreh et al.

Summary: The use of bispecific antibodies in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is showing promising results, but infectious complications are not well described. A pooled analysis of patients treated with bispecific antibodies revealed high rates of neutropenia, infections, cytokine release syndrome, and other adverse events. Non-BCMA-targeted bispecific antibodies had lower rates of severe neutropenia and infections compared to BCMA-targeted bispecific antibodies.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2023)

Article Hematology

Mosunetuzumab monotherapy is active and tolerable in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Nancy L. Bartlett et al.

Summary: This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Some patients had previously received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Cytokine release syndrome was the most common adverse event.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2023)

Review Hematology

A review of treatment options employed in relapsed/refractory AML

Mohamed Zakee Mohamed Jiffry et al.

HEMATOLOGY (2023)

Article Oncology

Targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia therapy

Jingjing Liu et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the level of CD33 expression in newly diagnosed AML patients and its correlation with clinical characteristics. The results showed that high CD33 expression was associated with FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations and worse overall survival. High CD33 expression was closely related to normal karyotype, high white blood cell count, and a high ratio of primitive cells.

BMC CANCER (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Immunodepletion of MDSC by AMV564, a novel bivalent, bispecific CD33/CD3 T cell engager, ex vivo in MDS and melanoma

Pingyan Cheng et al.

Summary: This study found that MDSCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS, and depletion of MDSCs may improve resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Combination of AMV564 with anti-PD1 enhances the activation of cytotoxic T cells, showing potential for improving therapeutic efficacy.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2022)

Article Oncology

Dissecting the mechanism of cytokine release induced by T-cell engagers highlights the contribution of neutrophils

Gabrielle Leclercq et al.

Summary: This study investigated the biological mechanisms of cytokine release after treatment with T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) and identified T cells as the triggers and monocytes and neutrophils as the amplifiers of the cytokine cascade. Moreover, it demonstrated the contribution of neutrophils to TCB-mediated cytokine release using single-cell RNA sequencing.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Hematology

Severe cytokine release syndrome is associated with hematologic toxicity following CD19 CAR T-cell therapy

Krishna R. Juluri et al.

Summary: CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy has shown significant efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies, but is associated with toxicities such as CRS and neurotoxicity. Research suggests that the severity of CRS and prelymphodepletion platelet count are independent predictors of hematologic toxicity.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2022)

Article Hematology

Pharmacodynamics and molecular correlates of response to glofitamab in relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Ann-Marie E. Broeske et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical activity of a novel antibody called glofitamab in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients and provided evidence of its pharmacodynamic profile, mode of action, and factors associated with clinical response by evaluating biomarkers. The results showed that glofitamab can activate T cells, inhibit tumor cells, and is associated with certain tumor characteristics.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2022)

Article Hematology

T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma: a revolution?

Philippe Moreau et al.

Summary: Bispecific antibodies targeting both malignant plasma cells and T cells can induce tumor cell death by activating T cells. Promising efficacy and safety profile have been observed in patients with triple-class refractory multiple myeloma when targeting B-cell maturation antigen, GPRC5D or FcRH5. This novel immunotherapeutic modality is expected to change the treatment paradigm in the future.

BLOOD (2022)

Review Hematology

A review of FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

Jennifer C. Zhao et al.

Summary: FLT3 mutations are the most common genetic aberrations in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. There are several targeted therapies available, such as midostaurin and gilteritinib, but challenges like drug resistance mechanisms and controversies surrounding maintenance therapy remain.

BLOOD REVIEWS (2022)

Review Oncology

Catch me if you can: how AML and its niche escape immunotherapy

Sarah Tettamanti et al.

Summary: Despite progress in AML research, the survival rate for patients remains low, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. Recent focus has been on immunotherapeutic strategies targeting leukemic cells, but studies emphasize the role of the leukemic microenvironment in facilitating tumor escape mechanisms. A rational combination of complementary immunotherapy strategies may be beneficial in preventing escape mechanisms without increasing toxicity in the complex AML landscape.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

Article Oncology

LocoMMotion: a prospective, non-interventional, multinational study of real-life current standards of care in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma

Maria-Victoria Mateos et al.

Summary: This is the first prospective study for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, showing a lack of clear standard of care in real-world practice for heavily pretreated patients and resulting in poor outcomes. This supports the need for new treatments with novel mechanisms of action.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

Review Oncology

Novel strategies for the mitigation of cytokine release syndrome induced by T cell engaging therapies with a focus on the use of kinase inhibitors

Gabrielle Leclercq et al.

Summary: T cell engaging therapies redirect T cells towards tumor cells, leading to cytotoxicity. However, this can trigger a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which remains a major safety concern. Mitigation strategies are necessary to reduce cytokine release while maintaining efficacy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are emerging as a potential strategy for managing CRS symptoms.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

A novel IgG-based FLT3xCD3 bispecific antibody for the treatment of AML and B-ALL

Naveen K. Mehta et al.

Summary: Immunotherapeutic strategies using CAR-T cells and bsAbs have achieved remarkable clinical success in lymphoid malignancies but not in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study developed a bsAb, CLN-049, targeting FLT3 and demonstrated its favorable efficacy and safety profile in preclinical models, indicating its potential as a treatment option for AML.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

Review Oncology

Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia

Xingcheng Yang et al.

Summary: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases that arise from the bone marrow. Dysregulated immune microenvironment, including the molecules PD-1 and PD-L1, play important roles in the pathogenesis of MDS and AML. However, clinical trials using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have reported mixed responses in patients with these diseases.

EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

Review Oncology

Updates in the Management of Relapsed and Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Urgent Plea for New Treatments Is Being Answered!

Adam S. DuVall et al.

Summary: The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has undergone significant changes in the past three decades, but the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory ALL still has a very low survival rate and high morbidity. This review discusses the remarkable progress made in the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory ALL and explores future directions and challenges that require further investigation.

JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Michael J. Dickinson et al.

Summary: Glofitamab therapy is effective for DLBCL, but more than half of the patients experience grade 3 or 4 adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Talquetamab, a T-Cell-Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody

Ajai Chari et al.

Summary: Talquetamab treatment exhibited common adverse events like cytokine release syndrome, skin-related events, and dysgeusia, which were primarily low-grade; however, the drug induced substantial response among patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Hematology

T-cell exhaustion induced by continuous bispecific molecule exposure is ameliorated by treatment-free intervals

Nora Philipp et al.

Summary: Continuous exposure to bispecific molecules impairs T-cell function, but treatment-free intervals can rejuvenate T cells and improve clinical outcomes. This finding is of great significance.

BLOOD (2022)

Article Cell Biology

CD22-targeted CD28 bispecific antibody enhances antitumor efficacy of odronextamab in refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma models

Joyce Wei et al.

Summary: The combination of odronextamab and REGN5837 could provide a chemotherapy-free approach for the treatment of DLBCL, as REGN5837 enhances the antitumor activity of odronextamab by potentiating T cell activation and cytolytic function. Preclinical studies have shown promising results, and the presence of a population of CD28+CD8+ T cells after odronextamab treatment suggests potential targeting by REGN5837.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Review Hematology

The evolution of immune dysfunction in multiple myeloma

Cinnie Yentia Soekojo et al.

Summary: This review discusses the role of immune dysfunction at different stages of multiple myeloma (MM) and emphasizes the importance of understanding the immune system's role in the development of the disease. It also highlights the need for immunotherapeutic strategies for MM.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

A phase two study of high dose blinatumomab in Richter's syndrome

Philip A. Thompson et al.

Summary: Richter's Syndrome, a aggressive transformation of CLL, can be treated with high dose blinatumomab which shows promising efficacy in reducing lymph node disease and achieving complete response. The treatment is well-tolerated with mild side effects. Immunophenotyping reveals that patients with better treatment response have lower expression of immune checkpoints.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Philippe Moreau et al.

Summary: Teclistamab demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, leading to high rates of deep and durable response. Common adverse events included cytokine release syndrome, cytopenias, and infections, with toxic effects mostly grade 1 or 2.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Robin Foa et al.

Summary: Current frontline therapy for Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors, glucocorticoids, and blinatumomab, has significantly improved survival and achieved high-level clearance of measurable tumor cells.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Oncology

Treatment of Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-From Intensive Chemotherapy Combinations to Chemotherapy-Free Regimens A Review

Elias Jabbour et al.

Summary: The integration of TKIs into chemotherapy regimens has greatly improved the outcomes of patients with Ph-positive ALL, with higher remission rates and longer survival. Early achievement of CMR has become an important predictor of long-term survival and may eliminate the need for allogeneic SCT. Second-generation TKIs combined with chemotherapy have shown superior results compared to imatinib-based regimens. The addition of third-generation TKI ponatinib to chemotherapy further enhances the outcomes. In recent chemotherapy-free regimens, blinatumomab plus TKIs have shown promising results, questioning the necessity of allogeneic SCT in first remission.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Hematology

A novel CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody enhances therapeutic efficacy and overcomes immune escape against B-ALL

Lijun Zhao et al.

Summary: This study developed a novel approach for enhancing antitumor efficacy and overcoming immune escape by designing a CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody (tsAb). The optimized tsAb showed superior ability in inducing T-cell-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production against CD19+ and/or CD22+ tumor cells compared to other tsAb formats. It also demonstrated significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and the ability to overcome immune escape.

BLOOD (2022)

Article Oncology

A Phase I First-in-Human Study of ABBV-383, a B-Cell Maturation Antigen x CD3 Bispecific T-Cell Redirecting Antibody, in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Anita D'Souza et al.

Summary: ABBV-383 demonstrates good tolerability and potential antitumor activity in patients with RRMM.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A real-world comparison of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Emmanuel Bachy et al.

Summary: This study compared the efficacy and toxicity of Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The results showed that axi-cel had better overall response rate, complete response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival compared to tisa-cel. However, axi-cel also had higher frequency of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome compared to tisa-cel.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Kinetics of Humoral Immunodeficiency With Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Lindsay R. Hammons et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Review Immunology

Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy

Emma C. Morris et al.

Summary: CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, but significant toxicities can occur in up to one-third of patients. The most common toxicities include cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Understanding their pathophysiology is crucial for developing novel therapeutics for prevention and management.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Hematology

Flotetuzumab as salvage immunotherapy for refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Geoffrey L. Uy et al.

Summary: This study presents the results of a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study of flotetuzumab in 88 adults with relapsed/refractory AML, showing clinical benefits in PIF/ER patients and encouraging evidence of activity. Flotetuzumab represents an innovative experimental approach associated with acceptable safety.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

Tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic determinants of response to blinatumomab in adults with B-ALL

Yaqi Zhao et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of blinatumomab in patients with B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and found that both tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors influence blinatumomab response. CD19 mutations were commonly detected in CD19(-) relapse during blinatumomab treatment, and the identification of the CD19 ex2part splice variant represents a new biomarker predictive of blinatumomab therapy failure.

BLOOD (2021)

Review Biology

BiTEs, DARTS, BiKEs and TriKEs-Are Antibody Based Therapies Changing the Future Treatment of AML?

Cecily Allen et al.

Summary: After nearly four decades since their conceptualization, antibody-based therapies are slowly being integrated into the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While gemtuzumab ozogamicin is the only approved antibody-based therapy for AML thus far, the development of bispecific antibodies has shown early promising results, with the common concept of simultaneous binding to malignant cell surface targets and CD3 on T cells.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

Article Hematology

Correlation between increased immune checkpoint molecule expression and refractoriness to blinatumomab evaluated by longitudinal T cell analysis

Takahiro Kobayashi et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the correlation between T cell phenotype and immune checkpoint molecule levels with response to blinatumomab treatment in B-ALL patients. A non-responder showed higher expression levels of PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT during treatment, while a responder exhibited increased levels of granzyme B. Residual tumors after blinatumomab treatment also showed increased expression of immune checkpoint ligands.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Hematology

COUNTERPOINT BiTEs better than CAR T cells

Marion Subklewe

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia A Randomized Clinical Trial

Patrick A. Brown et al.

Summary: In children, adolescents, and young adults with high- and intermediate-risk first relapse of B-ALL, postreinduction treatment with blinatumomab compared with chemotherapy, followed by transplant, did not result in a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival. However, study interpretation is limited by early termination with possible underpowering for the primary end point.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia A Randomized Clinical Trial

Franco Locatelli et al.

Summary: This study compared the effects of blinatumomab with consolidation chemotherapy as a third consolidation block before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children with high-risk first-relapse B-ALL. The results showed that, compared to chemotherapy, treatment with blinatumomab significantly improved event-free survival in children with high-risk first-relapse B-ALL.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Nikhil C. Munshi et al.

Summary: The phase 2 study confirmed the efficacy and safety of ide-cel in patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma, with a majority of patients achieving responses and 26% achieving MRD-negative status. Despite the high response rate, almost all patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxic effects, including hematologic toxic effects and cytokine release syndrome.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Acquired cancer cell resistance to T cell bispecific antibodies and CAR T targeting HER2 through JAK2 down-modulation

Enrique J. Arenas et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment, with T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) being potential tools for this approach. This study reveals that disruption of interferon-gamma signaling, including downregulation of JAK2, in cancer cells confers resistance to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against HER2, highlighting a potential mechanism for resistance to T cell-engaging therapies.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Oncology

Relapsed multiple myeloma demonstrates distinct patterns of immune microenvironment and malignant cell-mediated immunosuppression

Alissa Visram et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy efficacy in relapsed multiple myeloma may be influenced by the tumor immune microenvironment, which was found to become progressively dysfunctional with therapy. The study also suggests that the MM clone may be less dependent on inflammation-mediated growth pathways and less sensitive to IFN-mediated immunosurveillance. This could explain the decreased sensitivity of triple-refractory MM patients to novel immunotherapies.

BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL (2021)

Review Immunology

Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Silvia Jimenez-Morales et al.

Summary: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy characterized by high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatment responses. Despite significant improvements in overall survival (OS) with conventional chemotherapy, relapse rates remain high due to mechanisms such as clonal evolution, chemoresistance, and immune evasion by ALL cells. Immunotherapy in combination with traditional treatments has shown promise in improving OS for ALL patients, highlighting the importance of understanding immune evasion mechanisms in developing novel therapeutic strategies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Hematology

The promise and perils of immunotherapy

Stefanie Lesch et al.

Blood Advances (2021)

Review Oncology

CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies

Robert C. Sterner et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical responses in certain subsets of leukemia or lymphoma, but faces challenges in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Innovative strategies and approaches are necessary to overcome these challenges and improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells.

BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL (2021)

Review Oncology

Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma

Fatih M. Uckun

Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of new and emerging treatment strategies against multiple myeloma, including precision medicines and drugs that improve the immune system. These new treatment methods have the potential to change the therapeutic landscape in multiple myeloma and improve long-term survival outcomes for patients.

CANCERS (2021)

Article Hematology

Preclinical activity and determinants of response of the GPRC5DxCD3 bispecific antibody talquetamab in multiple myeloma

Christie P. M. Verkleij et al.

Summary: GPRC5D-targeting T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody talquetamab demonstrates potent anti-myeloma activity, effectively killing MM cells with high GPRC5D expression levels, especially with high effector:target ratio. Combination therapy with daratumumab or pomalidomide enhances talquetamab-mediated lysis of primary MM cells in an additive fashion.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Review Oncology

Bispecific Immunomodulatory Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy

Belen Blanco et al.

Summary: Recent advances in immuno-oncology have led to a shift in therapeutic strategies for advanced malignancies, with bispecific antibody-based immunotherapies emerging as a promising new approach. These antibodies interact with immune cells to redirect and activate effector cells against tumor cells, potentially improving clinical efficacy and safety. Over 50 bispecific antibodies are currently in clinical development for various indications, showing signs of therapeutic activity, and new approaches for in vivo secretion are being explored for the application of next-generation bispecific immunomodulatory antibodies.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with T-Cell-Based Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment

Maria Cosenza et al.

Summary: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a set of toxic adverse events caused by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or T-cell therapies, primarily due to hyperactivation of the cytokine network. Despite significant progress in preventing and controlling CRS, there remains a need for further treatment advancements.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dose escalation of subcutaneous epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an open-label, phase 1/2 study

Martin Hutchings et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and recommended dose of a novel bispecific antibody epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The results showed that the full dose of 48 mg was identified as the recommended phase 2 dose, and no maximum tolerated dose was reached during the treatment. Epcoritamab demonstrated good antitumor activity in some patients during the study.

LANCET (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CAR T cells with dual targeting of CD19 and CD22 in adult patients with recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies: a phase 1 trial

Jay Y. Spiegel et al.

Summary: Despite impressive progress in CAR-T cell therapy, more than 50% of patients treated with CD19-targeting CAR-T cells experience disease progression, often associated with antigen loss. To address this issue, researchers tested a bispecific CAR targeting CD19 and/or CD22, which showed high efficacy in preventing relapse in patients with B-ALL and LBCL. Antigen loss was identified as a major cause of CAR T cell resistance, emphasizing the importance of engineering multi-specific CAR T cells with equivalent potency and cytokine production as a quality indicator for potency.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Immunotherapy combinations overcome resistance to bispecific T cell engager treatment in T cell-cold solid tumors

Brian Belmontes et al.

Summary: Our study in immunocompetent mouse models revealed that pretreatment tumor-associated T cell density is a critical factor in determining response to BiTE therapy. CD8+ T cells were identified as important targets and mediators of BiTE activity, while CD4(+) T cells played an antagonistic role in BiTE efficacy. In addition, therapeutic combinations such as ICB and 4-1BB agonism were found to synergize with BiTE treatment in poorly T cell-infiltrated, immunotherapy-refractory tumors.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Hematology

CD123-targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

Manuel Ricardo Espinoza-Gutarra et al.

Summary: AML, a neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells, has seen therapeutic progress due to recent advances in genomic classification leading to new drug approvals. CD123 is a promising therapeutic target for improving AML patient outcomes, with ongoing clinical trials evaluating various targeted strategies.

EXPERT REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

A Deep Insight Into CAR-T Cell Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Application, Opportunities, and Future Directions

Faroogh Marofi et al.

Summary: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, specifically affecting lymphocytes. Various treatment options for NHL include targeted therapies and immunotherapies, with CAR-T cell therapy showing promising results in treating aggressive/relapsing B-cell NHL.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Hematology

Single- and double-hit events in genes encoding immune targets before and after T cell-engaging antibody therapy in MM

Marietta S. Truger et al.

Summary: This study reveals preexisting vulnerabilities in genes encoding immunotherapy targets before T cell-engaging immunotherapy, followed by homozygous deletions after treatment. This finding highlights potential challenges for immunotherapy against multiple myeloma.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Oncology

Tumor Burden Limits Bispecific Antibody Efficacy through T-cell Exhaustion Averted by Concurrent Cytotoxic Therapy

Erin W. Meermeier et al.

Summary: A study on BCMA/CD3-targeting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) in mouse models of multiple myeloma revealed that the BsAb was safe and effective in some cases but not in those with high tumor burden, with combination with pomalidomide showing improved efficacy but limited survival due to toxicity and T-cell exhaustion. However, combining with cyclophosphamide was safe and prevented T-cell exhaustion, promoting long-term disease control.

BLOOD CANCER DISCOVERY (2021)

Article Oncology

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Laurie H. Sehn et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dasatinib-Blinatumomab for Ph-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults

Robin Foa et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Oncology

Overcoming leukemia heterogeneity by combining T cell engaging bispecific antibodies

Sayed Shahabuddin Hoseini et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

Review Oncology

Targeting CLL-1 for acute myeloid leukemia therapy

Hongbing Ma et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

MCLA-117, a CLEC12AxCD3 bispecific antibody targeting a leukaemic stem cell antigen, induces T cell-mediated AML blast lysis

Pieter Fokko van Loo et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (2019)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline

Aran F. Labrijn et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Current targeted therapies in lymphomas

Clement Chung

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY (2019)

Review Oncology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hematological malignancies: friends or foes

Meng Lv et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

Article Hematology

ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells

Daniel W. Lee et al.

BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (2019)

Review Immunology

Design and Production of Bispecific Antibodies

Qiong Wang et al.

ANTIBODIES (2019)

Review Hematology

Bispecific antibody based therapeutics: Strengths and challenges

Archana Thakur et al.

BLOOD REVIEWS (2018)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy

Carl H. June et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

Review Oncology

Cytokine release syndrome

Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2018)

Review Oncology

Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Daniel G. Guy et al.

CURRENT HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY REPORTS (2018)

Review Hematology

CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: back to the future

Niels W. C. J. van de Donk et al.

BLOOD (2018)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

James O. Armitage et al.

LANCET (2017)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Blinatumomab versus Chemotherapy for Advanced Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Hagop Kantarjian et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

Review Oncology

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update

T. Terwilliger et al.

BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL (2017)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Inotuzumab Ozogamicin versus Standard Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Hagop M. Kantarjian et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

Article Oncology

Lenalidomide enhances myeloma-specific T-cell responses in vivo and in vitro

Isabelle Kraemer et al.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Characterization of a Bispecific FLT3 X CD3 Antibody in an Improved, Recombinant Format for the Treatment of Leukemia

Michael Durben et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2015)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Hartmut Doehner et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

Review Cell Biology

T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment

Y. Jiang et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2015)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Sustained Remissions in Leukemia

Shannon L. Maude et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

Article Hematology

Rituximab resistance

Andrew R. Rezvani et al.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY (2011)

Review Immunology

T Cell Activation

Jennifer E. Smith-Garvin et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

Review Oncology

FLT3: ITDoes matter in leukemia

M Levis et al.

LEUKEMIA (2003)