Targeting PCSK9 and Beyond for the Management of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Inclisiran and cardiovascular events: a patient-level analysis of phase III trials

Kausik K. Ray et al.

Summary: Exploratory findings from the ORION trials suggest that treatment with inclisiran is associated with reductions in major cardiovascular events, providing potential cardiovascular benefits.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial

Kausik K. Ray et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the long-term effect of inclisiran on patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol. The results showed that twice-yearly treatment with inclisiran resulted in sustained reductions in LDL cholesterol and was well tolerated over 4 years.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2023)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2023 Update on European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Statement on Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: new treatments and clinical guidance

Marina Cuchel et al.

Summary: This 2023 statement provides updated clinical guidance for the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), including criteria for diagnosis, genetic testing interpretation, and treatment recommendations. The statement emphasizes the importance of considering both phenotype and genotype in the diagnosis of HoFH, with a LDL-C level >10 mmol/L (>400 mg/dL) being indicative of the condition. Combination therapy targeting LDL-C, including the use of novel therapies like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, is recommended to achieve LDL-C goals and reduce the need for lipoprotein apheresis. To improve HoFH care globally, the statement recommends the implementation of national screening programs, education to increase awareness, and management guidelines adapted to local healthcare systems.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Phase 2b Randomized Trial of the Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor MK-0616

Christie M. Ballantyne et al.

Summary: MK-0616, an oral PCSK9 inhibitor, effectively reduces LDL-C levels and is well tolerated in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia according to a Phase 2b clinical trial.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2023)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Novel and future lipid-modulating therapies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Julia Brandts et al.

Summary: In this review, the authors discuss current and upcoming treatment strategies for lowering LDL cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. They highlight the importance of targeting key proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism as potential therapeutic targets. Novel approaches such as protein inhibition, mRNA level interference, and base editing are explored. The authors also address the challenge of achieving safe and long-lasting reductions in causal exposures. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges in the field of cardiovascular disease prevention.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients

S. E. E. Nissen et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the ATP citrate lyase inhibitor Bempedoic acid can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and is associated with a low incidence of muscle-related adverse events. Among patients unable or unwilling to take statins, Bempedoic acid treatment significantly reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-term persistence with evolocumab treatment and sustained reductions in LDL-cholesterol levels over 30 months: Final results from the European observational HEYMANS study

Kausik K. Ray et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term persistence and LDL-C level reductions of evolocumab in routine clinical practice using data from the HEY-MANS registry. The results showed that evolocumab therapy was associated with sustained LDL-C level reductions up to 30 months, and patients had high persistence with evolocumab even at 12 and 30 months of follow-up.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2023)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Paul Guedeney et al.

Summary: Treatment with alirocumab or evolocumab is associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization, with a favorable safety profile.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering agents?

Nick S. Nurmohamed et al.

Summary: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a liver-synthesized glycoprotein that facilitates the transfer of cholesterol esters and triglycerides between different lipoprotein particles. Recent studies have shown that the benefit of CETP inhibitors in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is primarily due to the reduction of LDL-C and apoB, rather than an increase in HDL-C. Genetic evidence supports the use of CETP inhibitors, as they achieve similar reductions in ASCVD risk as other lipid-lowering medications. The newest generation of CETP inhibitors not only lower LDL-C, but also reduce the risk of new-onset diabetes and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2022)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Combination lipid-lowering therapy as first-line strategy in very high-risk patients

Kausik K. Ray et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The dawn of a new era of targeted lipid-lowering therapies

Late Tokgozoglu et al.

Summary: Lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease depend on both lifestyle and additional measures for optimum control. Recent genetic findings have identified novel targets for lipid-lowering therapy, providing new avenues for management. New treatments targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) have emerged and shown improved efficacy and tolerability. Gene-editing approaches are also being explored in lipid management.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Highlights From the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions-ApoB as a Risk Marker, an Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor, and Aspirin and Dementia

Jennifer Abbasi

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gene Therapy Targeting PCSK9

Julius L. Katzmann et al.

Summary: Recent developments in cardiovascular prevention research have shown successful treatments for LDL hypercholesterolemia, such as inhibiting the PCSK9 gene or using specific drugs. These methods have led to long-term reductions in LDL cholesterol levels and have the potential to fundamentally change our approach to cardiovascular prevention.

METABOLITES (2022)

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Review Oncology

A Tale of Two New Targets for Hypertriglyceridaemia: Which Choice of Therapy?

Natalie C. Ward et al.

Summary: This article reviews ANGPTL3 and apoC-III as novel targets for lowering hypertriglyceridemia and discusses their role in abnormalities in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Studies suggest that inhibitors of ANGPTL3 and apoC-III are equally effective in reducing plasma triglycerides and TRLs, with possibly greater efficacy seen with apoC-III inhibition. Additionally, ANGPTL3 inhibition may have the advantage of lowering plasma LDL cholesterol, making it a potential treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia refractory to standard drugs. Large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of these agents.

BIODRUGS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in patients not receiving statins in phase 3 clinical trials

Ulrich Laufs et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the LDL-C lowering effect of bempedoic acid in patients unable to take statins, demonstrating that bempedoic acid and bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination significantly reduced LDL-C levels while being well tolerated.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of inclisiran on lipids in primary prevention: the ORION-11 trial

Kausik K. Ray et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effect of Inclisiran on primary prevention patients with elevated LDL-C and shows that it can significantly reduce LDL-C levels in patients and is well-tolerated.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Bempedoic Acid: for Whom and When

Massimiliano Ruscica et al.

Summary: The aim of creating an orally active non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug was achieved with bempedoic acid, which significantly reduces LDL-C levels and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It acts by inhibiting a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and is converted into an active metabolite to reduce the risk of side effects. Recent studies have shown that bempedoic acid can lower LDL-C levels by a mean of 24.5% when given alone, 18% when combined with a major statin, and by 38-40% when used in combination with ezetimibe. It does not increase the risk of new-onset diabetes and moderately improves glycemic control. Understanding its mechanism, metabolism, and side effects has led to a better understanding of the potential benefits of bempedoic acid as an alternative to statins for cardiologists and clinical practitioners dealing with muscular side effects.

CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lipid lowering effects of the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib in combination with high-intensity statins: a randomized phase 2 trial

Stephen J. Nicholls et al.

Summary: In a randomized clinical trial, obicetrapib, a CETP inhibitor, was found to effectively lower LDL-C levels when used in conjunction with high-intensity statins. The treatment also improved other lipid measurements and showed a favorable safety profile. These results indicate the potential of obicetrapib in addressing the medical needs of high-cardiovascular-risk patients.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Muscles and statins

[Anonymous]

EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Paediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with evolocumab for 80 weeks (HAUSER-OLE): a single-arm, multicentre, open-label extension of HAUSER-RCT

Raul Santos et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of evolocumab in pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia for an additional 80 weeks. Results showed that evolocumab was safe and well tolerated, leading to sustained reductions in LDL cholesterol levels.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaborators Collaborat et al.

Summary: This study conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis on adverse muscle events caused by statin therapy in large, long-term, randomized, double-blind trials. The findings indicated that the risk of muscle pain caused by statin therapy is small and most cases are not related to statins, with the cardiovascular benefits outweighing the risks of muscle symptoms.

LANCET (2022)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Moving toward genome-editing therapies for cardiovascular diseases

Kiran Musunuru

Summary: The rapid development of genome-editing technologies has opened up new possibilities for treating cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses various genome-editing approaches and their potential applications in cardiovascular disease treatment, providing insights into the path from technology development to clinical trials.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Combination of bempedoic acid, ezetimibe, and atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized clinical trial

John Rubino et al.

Summary: The combination of bempedoic acid, ezetimibe, and atorvastatin significantly lowered LDL-C levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia, allowing more than 90% of patients to reach the guideline recommended LDL-C goals.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Long-term stable reduction of low-density lipoprotein in nonhuman primates following in vivo genome editing of PCSK9

Lili Wang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the lasting therapeutic effect of targeted gene disruption through lowering specific protein levels with no obvious adverse changes, providing important data support for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates

Kiran Musunuru et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the efficient and precise modification of disease-related genes in living cynomolgus monkeys using CRISPR base editors delivered in vivo via lipid nanoparticles. The results provide proof-of-concept for the potential therapeutic application of CRISPR base editors in making precise single-nucleotide changes in target genes, supporting a 'once-and-done' approach for the treatment of diseases.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

In vivo adenine base editing of PCSK9 in macaques reduces LDL cholesterol levels

Tanja Rothgangl et al.

Summary: ABEs have been shown to effectively and safely reduce LDL levels in the livers of mice and cynomolgus macaques. Using lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of mRNA encoding an ABE and a sgRNA targeting PCSK9, significant reductions in PCSK9 and LDL levels were achieved in both species. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of ABEs in treating monogenic liver diseases.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

An oral antisense oligonucleotide for PCSK9 inhibition

Peter Gennemark et al.

Summary: In this study, a chemically modified PCSK9 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with potential for oral delivery was developed and shown to effectively reduce LDL cholesterol levels. Animal experiments demonstrated liver targeting and significant reductions in PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol levels after oral administration.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Transcriptomic therapy for dyslipidemias utilizing nucleic acids targeted at ANGPTL3

Gerald F. Watts et al.

Summary: Inhibition of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) using nucleic acid-based antisense oligonucleotide and siRNA can effectively lower plasma triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels. The long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of these agents still need further confirmation in ongoing and future clinical trials to prevent heart disease in people with abnormal blood fat levels.

FUTURE CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

Frank L. J. Visseren et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

PCSK9 vaccine: so near, yet so far!

Amirhossein Sahebkar et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Modulates Lipoprotein Metabolism and Dyslipidemia

Pei-Yi Chen et al.

Summary: Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of LDL-C, TGs, and TGRLs, is a major risk factor for ASCVDs. ANGPTL3, synthesized exclusively in the liver, plays a critical role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and its downregulation is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Therapies targeting ANGPTL3 show promise for managing dyslipidemia and ASCVDs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Inhibition of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 With Evinacumab in Subjects With High and Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

Zahid Ahmad et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Association between ANGPTL3, 4, and 8 and lipid and glucose metabolism markers in patients with diabetes

Marina Harada et al.

Summary: This study found a significant positive correlation between ANGPTL8 and TG values, and a positive correlation between HDL-C values and ANGPTL3, but a negative correlation with ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8. Multiple regression analysis identified low LPL, high ApoC2, high ApoC3, high ApoE, and high ANGPTL8 levels as determinants of fasting hypertriglyceridemia.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Immunology

A VLP-based vaccine targeting ANGPTL3 lowers plasma triglycerides in mice

Alexandra Fowler et al.

Summary: Elevated triglycerides are associated with coronary heart disease, while ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 play crucial roles in regulating TG metabolism by inhibiting LPL activity. Vaccination with VLPs targeting these proteins can reduce TG levels and enhance LPL activity.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Vaccine targeting ANGPTL3 ameliorates dyslipidemia and associated diseases in mouse models of obese dyslipidemia and familial hypercholesterolemia

Hirotaka Fukami et al.

Summary: This study developed a peptide vaccine targeting ANGPTL3, with the E3 peptide significantly reducing dyslipidemia in obese mice and attenuating atherosclerosis in a severe familial hypercholesterolemia model mice. Vaccination with ANGPTL3 could be an effective therapeutic strategy against dyslipidemia and associated diseases.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) as a drug target for cardiovascular disease

Amand F. Schmidt et al.

Summary: Through analyzing results from clinical trials and drug target Mendelian randomization studies, the authors demonstrate that previous failures of CETP inhibitors are likely compound related, rather than drug target-related.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PCSK9 immunization using nanoliposomes: preventive efficacy against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis

Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni et al.

Summary: The study aimed to develop a nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine for cholesterol lowering in hypercholesterolemic mice. The vaccine formulations induced high IgG response against PCSK9 peptide, inhibited PCSK9-LDLR interaction, and increased liver LDLR protein. Vaccines significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in hypercholesterolemic mice, with a long-lasting protective impact. Anti-inflammatory Th2 cells and IL-4 cytokine were increased in vaccinated mice.

ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

Francois Mach et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-Term Evolocumab in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Raul D. Santos et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab in pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: The ODYSSEY KIDS study

Stephen Daniels et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Two Phase 3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol

Kausik K. Ray et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Inclisiran for the Treatment of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Frederick J. Raal et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Bempedoic Acid Administration With Atherogenic Lipid Levels in Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

Maciej Banach et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Adults With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia The ODYSSEY HoFH Trial

Dirk J. Blom et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Vupanorsen, an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense drug to ANGPTL3 mRNA, lowers triglycerides and atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia

Daniel Gaudet et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Bempedoic acid safety analysis: Pooled data from four phase 3 clinical trials

Harold E. Bays et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evolocumab in Pediatric Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Raul D. Santos et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evinacumab for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Frederick J. Raal et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evinacumab in Patients with Refractory Hypercholesterolemia

Robert S. Rosenson et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

N-of-1 Trial of a Statin, Placebo, or No Treatment to Assess Side Effects

Frances A. Wood et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Vaccination in Atherosclerosis

Felix Sebastian Nettersheim et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol

Kausik K. Ray et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and Statin Intolerance

Ulrich Laufs et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of 1 or 2 Doses of Inclisiran on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: One-Year Follow-up of the ORION-1 Randomized Clinical Trial

Kausik K. Ray et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Hematology

Functional Analysis of LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor) Variants in Patient Lymphocytes to Assess the Effect of Evinacumab in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients With a Spectrum of LDLR Activity

Poulabi Banerjee et al.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Lomitapide and Mipomersen-Inhibiting Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and apoB100 Synthesis

Dirk J. Blom et al.

CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study

Christie M. Ballantyne et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2018)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Reduced Blood Lipid Levels With In Vivo CRISPR-Cas9 Base Editing of ANGPTL3

Alexandra C. Chadwick et al.

CIRCULATION (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Meganuclease targeting of PCSK9 in macaque liver leads to stable reduction in serum cholesterol

Lili Wang et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome

G. G. Schwartz et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

RNA-targeted therapeutics for lipid disorders

Sotirios Tsimikas

CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

PCSK9 Inhibition With Monoclonal Antibodies: Modern Management of Hypercholesterolemia

Matthew K. Ito et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Angiopoietin-like 3 in lipoprotein metabolism

Sander Kersten

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Marc S. Sabatine et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

ANGPTL3 Inhibition in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Daniel Gaudet et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Inclisiran in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk with Elevated LDL Cholesterol

Kausik K. Ray et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long-term treatment with evolocumab added to conventional drug therapy, with or without apheresis, in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: an interim subset analysis of the open-label TAUSSIG study

Frederick J. Raal et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-term Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy, Persistence, and Safety of Evolocumab in Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia Results Up to 4 Years From the Open-Label OSLER-1 Extension Study

Michael J. Koren et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Negative statin-related news stories decrease statin persistence and increase myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide prospective cohort study

Sune Fallgaard Nielsen et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Phenotype diversity among patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: A cohort study

Frederick J. Raal et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy

Rory Collins et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Liver-specific ATP-citrate lyase inhibition by bempedoic acid decreases LDL-C and attenuates atherosclerosis

Stephen L. Pinkosky et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Lipid Fractions With Risks for Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes

Jon White et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Frederick J. Raal et al.

LANCET (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Frederick J. Raal et al.

LANCET (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes

Christopher P. Cannon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Immunology

A cholesterol-lowering VLP vaccine that targets PCSK9

Erin Crossey et al.

VACCINE (2015)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A systematic review of statin-induced muscle problems in clinical trials

Harsha V. Ganga et al.

AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Inactivating Mutations in NPC1L1 and Protection from Coronary Heart Disease

Nathan O. Stitziel et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Peptide-Based Anti-PCSK9 Vaccines - An Approach for Long-Term LDLc Management

Gergana Galabova et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of Dalcetrapib in Patients with a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome

Gregory G. Schwartz et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity

Martin Jinek et al.

SCIENCE (2012)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Exome Sequencing, ANGPTL3 Mutations, and Familial Combined Hypolipidemia

Kiran Musunuru et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2010)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Major Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Risk of Vascular Disease

The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration*

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2009)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Immunodrugs: Therapeutic VLP-Based Vaccines for Chronic Diseases

Gary T. Jennings et al.

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2008)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia

John J. P. Kastelein et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis

Steven E. Nissen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease

JC Cohen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2006)

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Targeting PCSK9 and Beyond for the Management of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

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