Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Immunology
Derek E. Dimcheff et al.
Summary: This large study of hospitalized patients shows that RNA viral loads are similar regardless of the infecting variant and known risk factors for severe COVID-19. The study also suggests that subgenomic RNA measurements add little information for estimating infectivity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lamprini Veneti et al.
Summary: A study found that the Omicron variant of COVID-19 has a 73% reduced risk of hospitalization compared to the Delta variant. Omicron cases who had received two doses of the vaccine 7-179 days before diagnosis had a lower risk compared to Delta (66% vs 93%), while those who received three doses had a similar risk reduction (86% vs 88%).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Meng et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 and can evade neutralizing antibodies more effectively compared to the Delta variant. A third dose of mRNA vaccine can provide enhanced protection. Omicron has lower replication in lung and gut cells and less efficiently cleaves its spike protein compared to Delta.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Henriette Normolle Buttenschon et al.
Summary: This study compared clinical characteristics and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients admitted to the western part of Denmark during the first and second waves in 2020. They found that patients admitted during the first wave had more severe disease and worse outcomes compared to the second wave. Additionally, most COVID-19 infections in the second wave were acquired at home.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Merlin Davies et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between COVID-19 severity and active viral load, and characterized the dynamics of active SARS-CoV-2 clearance. It found that potentially active virus can persist beyond a 10-day period, posing a potential risk of onward transmission.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Bager et al.
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the risk of hospitalization after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant compared with the delta variant in Denmark. The results showed that vaccination was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization, and Omicron infection was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization compared to Delta infection.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jessica E. Agius et al.
Summary: This study investigates and quantifies the expression of iSNVs and sgRNA in mild and severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as well as in an in vitro infection model. The results show that iSNVs are present in both mild and severe infections, while the expression levels of sgRNA vary between the two.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lin Lyu et al.
Summary: This article describes the identification of a core sgRNA repertoire for SARS-CoV-2 and the discovery of novel sgRNAs. The study also found that the ratio of Spike sgRNA to Nucleocapsid sgRNA is highest in SARS-CoV-2, among the examined beta-coronaviruses. It was further observed that this ratio can be adjusted by modifying the viral RNA replication machinery.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neil Berry et al.
Summary: This study investigates the infection and pathological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in different species and identifies red-bellied tamarins as previously unrecognized susceptible hosts. It also reveals the long-term consequences of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maxwell Su et al.
Summary: This study quantified the subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) in 169 clinical samples and found that the relative abundance of sgRNA was similar among known SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, sgRNA detection can identify individuals with active viral replication regardless of the variant.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhikuan Zhang et al.
Summary: M protein plays an essential role in the assembly and morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The researchers found that M protein forms a mushroom-shaped dimer and further assembles into higher-order oligomers. The interaction of M protein with nucleocapsid protein and RNA suggests its role in the recruitment of these components during virus assembly.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Brian J. Willett et al.
Summary: Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are vital in combating COVID-19, but the emergence of the Omicron variant poses a threat to this strategy. Studies have shown that the Omicron variant evades neutralization by sera from individuals vaccinated with different vaccines and reduces real-world vaccine effectiveness, although booster vaccination can partially restore its effectiveness. Additionally, the Omicron variant exhibits distinct cell entry pathways and phenotypes, which may contribute to its rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Matthew D. Parker et al.
Summary: Matthew Parker et al. used ARTIC network tiled amplicon PCR and Oxford Nanopore sequencing to detect subgenomic RNA changes in the B.1.1.7 lineage of SARS-CoV-2. They found higher subgenomic RNA levels in B.1.1.7 compared to previous lineages, and discovered a noncanonical subgenomic RNA that may encode ORF9b. The B.1.1.7 lineage is more transmissible, leads to greater clinical severity, and results in modest reductions in antibody neutralization.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izumi Kimura et al.
Summary: After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, several BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Statistical analysis showed that these BA.2 subvariants have higher effective reproduction numbers than the original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed that the immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less effective against BA.4/5. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently in human alveolar epithelial cells than BA.2, with BA.4/5 being more fusogenic. The study also provided the structure of the BA.4/5 spike receptor-binding domain and investigated the substitutions in the BA.4/5 spike that play a role in ACE2 binding and immune evasion. Additionally, experiments using hamsters suggested that BA.4/5 is more pathogenic than BA.2. The multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 subvariants, particularly BA.4/5, to global health is greater than that of the original BA.2.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anupriya Aggarwal et al.
Summary: The study reveals that all Omicron variants significantly evade neutralizing antibodies from a range of vaccination and/or convalescent responses. The potency of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is also reduced and varies across Omicron lineages. The key difference of the BA.5 variant from other Omicron sub-variants is the reversion to using the well-known ACE2-TMPRSS2 pathway, which was efficiently utilized by pre-Omicron lineages. Monitoring the impact of these changes on transmission and disease severity is crucial for ongoing tracking and management of Omicron waves globally.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaara Finkel et al.
Summary: A high-resolution map of coding regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome enables the identification of 23 unannotated open reading frames and quantification of the expression of canonical viral open reading frames.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jon Gitz Holler et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 hospitalized patients had high mortality and ICU admission rates. Factors such as high Charlson Comorbidity Index, elevated C-reactive protein, and other laboratory abnormalities were closely associated with mortality risk. Danish males and older patients typically presented with more severe laboratory abnormalities upon admission.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeroen J. A. van Kampen et al.
Summary: The study found that the median duration of shedding infectious virus in COVID-19 patients is 8 days, dropping below 5% after 15.2 days post onset of symptoms. High viral loads are associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 isolation, while high serum neutralizing antibody titres are associated with non-infectious SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Kinga P. Boszormenyi et al.
Summary: The study revealed that in the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques, pulmonary lesions and activated lymph nodes persisted even after the resolution of infection. Viral RNA was still detectable in various tissues, indicating ongoing virus replication, which could have implications for understanding the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in humans.
Article
Virology
Aine O'Toole et al.
Summary: The global virus genomics community has responded unprecedentedly to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, leading to significant advances in 'real-time' generation and sharing of genomic data. The development of new analytical methods, such as pangolin, has been necessary to handle the rapid growth in virus genome data production. Pangolin has processed nearly two million virus genomes, aiding in SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology and providing researchers with valuable information about the pandemic's transmission lineages.
Article
Microbiology
Michela Deiana et al.
Summary: The study monitored SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1898 health care workers who received full vaccination with BNT162b2, showing a low frequency of infection and suggesting saliva as a surrogate for virus surveillance. The temporal profile of viral load and various viral mutations were observed in 8 infected HCWs, indicating potential monitoring strategies for vaccinated individuals.
Article
Immunology
Katherine Immergluck et al.
Summary: Among symptomatic outpatients, subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in midturbinate swab specimens showed concordance with antigen detection, suggesting that it could be a useful tool for routine diagnostics to identify active virus replication, even in antigen-negative individuals.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Catherine A. Hogan et al.
Summary: A method that detects minus-strand RNA as a surrogate for actively replicating SARS-CoV-2 was developed and found in 41 patients up to 30 days after symptom onset. This assay could potentially impact clinical decision-making regarding patient infectiousness.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Philip V'kovski et al.
Summary: This review discusses key aspects of coronavirus biology and their implications for SARS-CoV-2 infections, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding virus-host interactions at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Summarizing the discoveries of SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparing it with other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and combat strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jared Bullard et al.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Nandini Sethuraman et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roman Woelfel et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Georg Wolff et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric J. Snijder et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soren Alexandersen et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nathan D. Grubaugh et al.
Article
Virology
Xingdong Zhou et al.
Article
Virology
Isabel Sola et al.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 2
(2015)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Morten Schmidt et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher M. Weber et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Knoops et al.
